Utilitarianism In Contemporary Ethics Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism In Contemporary Ethics Essay 1. Express the Principle of Utility as detailed by Bentham and Mill and apply it to a specific activity (e. g. , misleading) outline how it works. (3 focuses. ) 2. Clarify the di%erence between â€Å"act utilitarianism† and â€Å"rule utilitarianism. † (2 focuses. ) 3. Distinguish three di%erent utilitarian scholars and clarify how their forms of utilitarianism di%er from each other. (3 focuses. ) 4. Distinguish one quality and one shortcoming of the utilitarian view. (2 focuses. ) 1. THE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY DEFINES AN ACT OR RULE THAT IS IN THE RIGHT, WILL CREATE THE GREATEST GOOD OR HAPPINESS FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF PEOPLE. FOR EXAMPLE, IF A FRIEND LIES TO A GROUP OF HIS/HER FRIENDS, THAT GROUP OF FRIENDS COULD QUITE POSSIBLY FIND OUT ABOUT THIS LIE THAT COULD CAUSE A NEGATIVE EFFECT FOR THE FRIENDS. In this manner, NO GOOD OR HAPPINESS WAS CREATED FROM AN ACTION THAT WAS NOT GOOD FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF PEOPLE. On the other hand, THE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY WOULD CONDONE AND APPROVE A LIE IF IT RESULTED IN GREATER HAPPINESS (E. G. , LYING ABOUT AN EXTRAMARITAL AFFAIR TO PROTECT A PERSON’S REPUTATION OR TO AVOID CAUSING NEEDLESS DISTRESS TO FRIENDS AND FAMILY). 2. RULE UTILITARIANISM MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF GOOD THAT AN INDIVIDUAL ACTION DOES ACCORDING TO A RULE OR LAW. ACT UTILITARIANISM DOES NOT JUDGE AN ACTION IN TERMS OF RULES OR LAWS BUT WHETHER OR NOT THE ACTION BENEFITS THE MOST PEOPLE. 3. Inclination UTILITARIANISM FIRST PUT FORWARD BY JOHN HARSANYI (1977) PRACTICES THAT THE ULTIMATE CRITERION FOR DECIDING WHAT IS GOOD OR BAD FOR AN INDIVIDUAL IS JUDGED BY THE INDIVIDUAL’S OWN DESIRES AND PREFERENCES. NEGATIVE UTILITARIANISM BROUGHT ON BY R. N. Shrewd, INSTEAD OF JUDGING WHAT IS BEST FOR THE GREATEST GOOD THE PHILOSOPHY IS TO JUDGE BY WHAT CAUSES THE LEAST AMOUNT OF PAIN FOR THE MOST AMOUNT OF PEOPLE WHEN PRESENTED WITH A SITUATION THAT WOULD ENTAIL SUFFERING. NEGATIVE UTILITARIANISM WAS PROPOSED BY KARL POPPER. Brilliant OPPOSED IT. ACT UTILITARIANISM BROUGHT ON BY WILLIAM PALEY, DETERMINES IF AN ACTION IS RIGHT IF IT FOLLOWS A RULE THAT WILL MAXIMIZE UTILITY. PALEY WAS AN EARLY PROPONENT OF UTILITARIANISM WHO COMBINED UTILITARIAN ETHICS WITH CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS. 4. ONE STRENGTH OF An UTILITARIAN VIEW IS THAT IT AIMS TO HELP SOCIETY EXIST IN A WAY THAT WOULD BENEFIT THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF INDIVIDUALS IN THAT SOCIETY. ONE WEAKNESS OF UTILITARIAN VIEW IS THAT IT DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT WHO DOES THE ACTION, SO LONG AS THE CONSEQUENCES OCCUR. Why would that be A WEAKNESS? THE MAIN WEAKNESS OF THE THEORY IS THAT IT CONTRADICTS OUR COMMON-SENSE ETHICAL VIEW THAT MOTIVES AND INTENTIONS MATTER AND THAT SOME ACTIONS SEEM WRONG REGARDLESS OF THEIR OUTCOME. 8. 5 POINTS.

Evaluation of Montenero Governance and Economic Reforms on the Way to Essay

Assessment of Montenero Governance and Economic Reforms while in transit to EU Membership - Essay Example This exposition presents a far reaching examination of current political and financial improvements in Montenegro, which is seeking after its further binds with the EU. Montenegro’s finish of its Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) arrangement with the European Commission will make ready for inevitable mix with he European Common market . The small country of only 620,000 has done as such in front of Serbia whose European desire have been slowed down with its refusal to help out the International Criminal Tribunal for the previous Yugoslavia. Montenegro looks ready to follow Croatia and Macedonia in effectively arranging promotion exchanges. More prominent political dependability was accomplished with the majority rule decisions held in September in the year 2006 after the thin success in the choice in May, with only 55.5% of voters giving a go signal for freedom. Djukanovic, with his gathering in power has significantly more noteworthy influence to seek after administration changes in accordance with just standards as one of the principle requirements into entering the European Union. Held in a charge and reasonable way and in accordance with global norms, the parliamentary decisions put Montenegro was seen well by the worldwide network in its ability to address political changes and actualize them. As far as enactment, Montenegro has reinforced its enemy of debasement drive. Key enactments for improved open acquisition and irreconcilable situation enactment are set to be passed and the Law on Free Access to Information was agreed upon (standard 10). Likewise just because as a sign towards more noteworthy Montenegro responsibility, 1,692 open authorities submitted writes about their pay and property (par10). Djukanovic in a meeting distributed in the New York Times said that his administration figured out how to pass 140 laws and a lot more guidelines in his past term as Prime Minister, with center around changes on the economy, training and organization. As to reactions that usage has been moderate, he said that the impacts of this change employment will be seen simply following 5 years To additionally solidify its legitimate popularity based system, Montenegro needs to make a

Breast Cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bosom Cancer - Research Paper Example The creator takes note of that in any event, when comparable techniques are applied, the utilization of disparate systems for looking at careful material may prompt various results for a similar patient. The data put together by the essayist takes note of that in instances of deciding histological corrective impacts in regular clinical practice, specialists need to show the strategies applied in their assessment models. The creator takes note of that histological techniques for deciding remedial responses and systems for appraisal of careful materials ensuing to neoadjuvant treatment must be orchestrated sooner rather than later. The creator takes note of that malignant growth anticipation includes all the activities taken for the motivations behind bringing down the probability of securing bosom disease. Through anticipation, the creator takes note of that mortalities brought about by malignant growth are in the long run limited. The creator clarifies the hazard components and the defensive components that are related with bosom disease. He takes note of that forestalling bosom malignancy starts with embracing a good dieting propensity. He takes note of that few investigations uncover that way of life modifications have been recorded to lessen dangers of getting bosom malignant growth even in the ladies thought about high hazard. He contends that various advances related with keeping the body dynamic and solid have diminished the dangers of obtaining disease. The creator takes note of that bosom malignant growth is the chief causing component of disease related mortalities in ladies underneath the age of 40 years particularly in the nations with the most elevated per-capita pay on the planet. The essayist furthermore reports that despite the fact that seen to improve slowly, the paces of endurance for these ladies are a lot of lower when contrasted with ladies who are more seasoned. Moreover, he reports that the young ladies are inclined to growing progressively forceful strains of the harmful cells.â

Rates of Reaction - Magnesium and HCL :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Pace of response of Magnesium and HCL So as to locate a decent arrangement of results for this examination I have to choose what molars I am going to utilize, and furthermore how I will make them. When I have discovered which molars I might want to utilize I will give proof of why I have picked them, I will likewise choose which factors are essential to considerm e.g The Values of Mg, Volume of corrosive. I additionally need to consider how I am going to quantify the speed of the response so as to get a table of dependable outcomes. Plan  · Equipment required for test:  · Bowl  · Hcl  · 2 Measuring chambers (1 major/1 little)  · Mg strips  · Flask  · Beaker  · Tube  · Stop clock  · Goggles  · Beehive shell Stage One The entirety of the above hardware must be assembled. Stage Two The Beehive shell sould be set in the middle inside the bowl, at that point the bowl is to be topped off with water until the bee sanctuary shell is covered.Then the large estimating chamber is to be filled to the top with water and afterward flipped around onto the colony shell. Stage Three The cylinder ought to be set legitimately over the gap in the apiary shell, where the tube(which experiences the gap in the apiary shell and is associated with the flagon) is put into the chamber. Stage Four At that point the flagon should be loaded up with 20 cm3 Hcl corrosive, the corrosive is estimated in an estimating cylinder and afterward poured in, when the cup is filled the magnesium strip is to be put inside. So as to get the Magnesium strip as precise as conceivable it is to be estimated with a ruler to the size in which wanted. Stage 5 When the magnesium strip contacts the corrosive it begins to respond, so the plastic fitting ought to be put on to the cup immediately, at that point start the stopclock and record the measure of gas at regular intervals. One individual should peruse the outcomes at eye level to the cylinder, so they can get an exact perusing, and someone else should note down the occasions though one watches out for the time. Things that will impact the pace of response  · Concentration of Hcl  · Surface region of Magnesium  · Temperature of response  · Catalyst  · Length of Magnesium  · Volume of Hcl The focus can be expanded or diminished to impact the pace of response. The higher the fixation, the more particles, in this manner a higher pace of response. The surface region of magnesium can impact the pace of response. The bigger the surface region, the quicker the response will be as the

Individual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual - Essay Example There are a few issues related with the discourse. Thus, investigation of the operator, office, and generally motivation behind the demonstration shows qualities and shortcoming and qualities of discourse and covers all the issues in discourse introduction. The operator Hillary Clinton at the hour of the introduction was the principal woman, the spouse of serving leader of America. The investigation of her character shows that she was candid, and in the discourse she introduced her convictions and issues that she needed tended to (Keyton). By utilization of facial appearance and voice sound, she had the option to affect the crowd emphatically. She concentrated on zones that required change and that could be routed to accomplish ladies opportunity by enrolling the difficulties looked by ladies in changed nations. Be that as it may, in the discourse she demonstrated just the difficulties looked by ladies and not the accomplishment previously acquired all the while. Through constraining inclusion of the victories accomplished, she made a false notion that ladies are completely abused. This thought isn't correct on the grounds that ladies have made progress in certain issues. For example, the ladies freedom development of 1900 had the option to guarantee that ladies acquire the option to cast a ballot and own property. Thusly, in spite of the current persecution of ladies, the opportunity to cast a ballot and own property was accomplished. At that point, the deception of speculation displayed in the discourse makes an off-base image of the entire circumstance (Kampf 112). The introduction of the contentions followed a predefined plot, which incorporates the production of mindfulness by representing the present circumstance and building up the goals and dreams all the while. The counter contentions were not introduced completely yet featured as, incidentally, issues instead of issues to be considered. The improvement of then issue was brief by following an emotive arrangement which was viable in light of the fact that it caught the consideration of the crowd. The attention on the issues guaranteed that the crowd was with the introduced on

Financial Planning Now, Not Later COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Financial Planning Now, Not Later COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I know what you are thinking . . . the January 5th admission deadline has passed, now I can kick my feet up and wait for my admission decision in March.   While this might be one possible option, it is not the option I recommend. It is no secret, attending graduate school can be expensive.   The time to look into financing your education is not after you get an offer of admission, it is now.   It is a terrible feeling to get an offer of admission and only then realize you might not be able to attend due to financing. My advice is that if you have not started already, that you set aside time each week to research issues related to the cost of graduate school and the payment options available. There are many kinds of aid available including: Institutional funding provided by SIPA External Scholarships (i.e. Fulbright, Pickering) Federal Loans (for U.S. citizens and permanent residents) Private Loans Work Study Grants Sponsorship funds from agencies/organizations Most SIPA students utilize a combination of resources to make attending possible.   Each year students bring in several million dollars of funding that does not need to be repaid by researching and applying for funding.   My feeling has always been that applicants should spend twice the amount of time researching financial aid as is spent on the process of applying for admission.   I covered this topic in a past post entitled The Rule of Two. I highly encourage you to review the entry but the analogy used is one that you might have heard before from a teacher.   It is not uncommon to hear a teacher say that for every hour spent in the classroom, at a minimum a successful student will spend two hours outside of the classroom. My feeling about admission and financial aid is the same. At a minimum, one should spend twice as much time researching financial aid options as researching admission to a program.   While SIPA does allocate around $6 million each year on fellowships for students, a limited number of first year students receive funding (around 10-15%). With this in mind, it will benefit you to research costs and other sources of funding so that if admitted you have a plan.   Not having a plan and not having done research is a strategy that most often leads to frustration.   Here are some tips to get you started: •  Check out SIPA’s own fellowship database. We search for scholarships for you and post them to the database.   The database is not SIPA specific.   As we search for and hear about funding, we make the information available to you. •  Use RSS  technology to deliver news to your email account or RSS Reader.   RSS allows for news to be delivered to you without having to go look for it every day.   As an example, Gmail accounts have something called the “Alert” tool and I am sure other providers have the same capability.   All you have to do is put in text for searches and a search engine will perform the searches daily  and deliver news to your email account.   You can type in search terms like “Graduate School Scholarships” or “International Affairs Scholarships.”   You can also utilize an RSS reader.   RSS readers are free and if you do not know what an RSS reader is, click here for a YouTube tutorial. •  Talk to people you know who have gone to graduate school and find out if they were able to find scholarship opportunities. •  Contact people that have written you a letter of recommendation and have them make multiple copies of the recommendation letter and give them to you in sealed envelops so you are ready if a scholarship opportunity arises and there is a tight deadline. • Start to familiarize yourself with the cost of living in New York City.   SIPA is only able to provide housing for approximately 30% of our students and most students must find housing the city.   A great resource to get started is Craigslist.   I recommend signing up for an email feed for NYC apartments.   Following rental trends will help familiarize you with costs around the city. • Familiarize yourself with the payment and billing options available to SIPA students.   You can get started by visiting the Columbia University Student Financial Services home page. I will not say the process of searching for funding and familiarizing yourself with costs is easy and it can take a considerable amount of effort.   However, the sooner you start to look the more doors you will possibly open figuratively and literally.

Dracula vs Twilight - Free Essay Example

In the late 1970s a new killer was born, and his name was Dracula. Between his smooth interactions with the ladies and his large home this is one killer who knows how to bring his food to him. He made sure everyone remembers his name but never what happened that night when his victim and him was alone. Twenty-nine years later the kid version of this number one horror Dracula came along Twilight about a group of vampires that tries to blend in with the rest of the world, but love took over and now they will have to choose between love and family. Although, the movies are different theyre both somewhat alike for an example both novels have the element of love and preserving it. In Dracula he is able to take different forms, and can also walk on walls. And while characters in Twilight have special abilities, they dont have this one. While in contrast Dracula doesnt have the special abilities that they have. Both have superhuman characteristics being the first being superhuman strength. Also the vampires in twilight appear young for the rest of the their life, while in Dracula it does not specify (but Im assuming not). While in contrast Dracula doesnt have the special abilities that they have. In Dracula, Jonathan goes after Mina to try and save her in the name of love. While in Twilight Edward ruthlessly tries to protect Bella in the name of love as well. Overall completing Gothic literature in having a female heroine. seen in blood lust in both books, as well as both having the element of the obsession of love. Also, these two do share the same characteristics such as both characters (vampires) have pale skin, as well as it being described as cold as ice wh en touched, both obviously suck blood, but the vampires in Twilight have more self-control some choosing to only drink the blood of animals. Both are uncomfortable in sunlight, but for different reasons. Lure Dracula lures his victims as he is essentially evil. And while there are vampires like this in Twilight, many dont want to get into relationships in fear of hurting humans. Continuing in Dracula vampires are inherently evil, and there is no in between, they symbolize everything outside of the Victorian lifestyle. While in Twilight there are again both and good vampires. There are also different things to look at in these movies far as the setting for an example In Twilight vampires are not allowed to go into daylight without exposing themselves for what they are. While in Dracula, vampires can go into the sun, but their powers are limited. In Twilight vampires are much more glamorous, they are described as perfect and flawless in their entire physical appearance. While Dracula was not as attractive with sharp fingernails, hairy, and overall just made people feel uncomfortable. Also, in Dracula there is a historical Victorian setting and is much more relevant to Gothic Literature than Twilight is. While in Twilight it is current, and in pop culture, especially shown in its audience which is mainly teenagers. Evil- Dracula and all vampires within the novel are evil baby blood sucking monsters. While in Twilight there is two different perceptions about them. During Draculas time the Victorian era was in full flight, and the novel definitely does not glamorize people who went against this lifestyle. While in Twilight they do glamorize vampires, as some trying to protect humans, and looking flawless while doing it. One could see this in Dracula, as Mina is saved, because she is the good Victorian role model and takes care of her husband. While her friend does not, representing what happens to the bad Victorian image.

How Does a Parliamentary Government Work

A parliamentary government is a system in which the powers of the executive and legislative branches are intertwined as opposed to being held separate as a check against each others power, as the Founding Fathers of the United States demanded in the U.S. Constitution. In fact, the executive branch in a parliamentary government draws its power directly from the legislative branch. Thats because the top government official and members of his cabinet are chosen not by voters, as is the case in the presidential system in the United States, but by members of the legislature. Parliamentary governments are common in Europe and the Caribbean; they are also more common worldwide than presidential forms of government. What Makes a Parliamentary Government Different The method  by which the head of government  is chosen is the primary distinction between a parliamentary government and a presidential system. The head of a parliamentary government is chosen by the legislative branch and typically holds the title of Prime Minister, as is the case in the United Kingdom and Canada. In the United Kingdom, voters elect members of the  British House of Commons every five years; the party that secures a majority of seats then chooses members of the executive branch cabinet and prime minister. The prime minister and his cabinet serve as long as the legislature has confidence in them. In Canada, the lead of the political party that wins the most seats in parliament becomes the prime minister. By comparison, in a presidential system such as the one in place in the United States, voters elect members of Congress to serve in the legislative branch of government and choose the head of the government, the president, separately. The president and members of Congress serve fixed terms that are not dependent on the confidence of voters.  Presidents are limited to serving two terms, but there are no terms limits for members of Congress. In fact, there is no mechanism for removal of a member of Congress, and while there are provisions in the U.S. Constitution to remove a sitting president—impeachment and the 25th Amendment—theres never been a commander-in-chief forcibly removed from the White House. Parliamentary Government as a Cure for Partisanship Some prominent political scientists and government observers who bemoan the level of partisanship and gridlock in some systems, most notably in the United States, have suggested adopting some elements of a parliamentary government might help solve those problems. The University of California’s Richard L. Hasen raised the idea in 2013 but suggested such a change should not be undertaken lightly. Writing in â€Å"Political Dysfunction and Constitutional Change,† Hasen stated: â€Å"The partisanship of our political branches and mismatch with our structure of government raise this fundamental question: Is the United States political system so broken that we should change the United States Constitution to adopt a parliamentary system either a Westminster system as in the United Kingdom or a different form of parliamentary democracy? Such a move toward unified government would allow the Democratic or Republican parties to act in a unified way to pursue a rational plan on budget reform on other issues. Voters could then hold the party in power accountable if the programs it pursued were against voter preferences. It seems a more logical way to organize politics and insure that each party will have a chance to present its platform to the voters, to have that platform enacted, and to allow voters at the next election to pass on how well the party has managed the country. Why Parliamentary Governments Can Be More Efficient Walter Bagehot, a British journalist and essayist, argued for a parliamentary system in his 1867 work  The English Constitution. His primary point was that the separation of powers in government was not between the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government but between what he called the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"dignified† and the â€Å"efficient.† The dignified branch in the United Kingdom was the monarchy, the queen. The efficient branch was everyone else who did the real work, from the prime minister and his cabinet down to the House of Commons. In that sense, such a system forced the head of government and legislators to debate policy on the same, level playing field instead of holding the prime minister above the fray. â€Å"If the persons who have to do the work are not the same as those who have to make laws, there will be a controversy between two sets of persons. The tax-imposers are sure to quarrel with tax-requirers. The executive is crippled by not getting the laws it needs, and the legislature is spoiled by having to act without responsibility; the executive becomes unfit for its name since it cannot execute what it decides on: the legislature is demoralized by liberty, by taking decisions of which others (and not itself) will suffer the effects.† The Role of Parties in a Parliamentary Government The party in power in a parliamentary government controls the office of the prime minister and all members of the cabinet, in addition to holding enough seats in the legislative branch to pass legislation, even on the most controversial issues. The opposition party, or the minority party, is expected to be vociferous in its objection to almost everything the majority party does, and yet it has little power to impede the progress of their counterparts on the other side of the aisle. In the United States, a party can control both houses of Congress and the White House and still fail to accomplish much. Akhilesh Pillalamarri, an international relations analyst, wrote in  National Interest:   A parliamentary system of government is preferable to a presidential system.  ...  The fact that a prime minister is held accountable to the legislature is a very good thing for governance. First, it means that the executive and his or her government are of a like mind with the majority of legislators, because prime ministers come from the party with a majority of seats in the parliament, usually. The gridlock evident in the United States, where the president is of a different party than the majority of Congress, is far less likely in a parliamentary system. List of Countries With Parliamentary Governments There are 104 countries that operate under some form of parliamentary government. Different Kinds of Parliamentary Governments There are more than half a dozen different kinds of parliamentary governments. They operate similarly but often have  different organizational charts or names for positions.   Parliamentary republic: In a parliamentary republic, there is both a president and a prime minister, and a parliament acting as the highest legislative body.  Finland operates under a parliamentary republic. The prime minister is chosen by parliament and acts as the head of government, a position responsible for directing the activities of the many federal agencies and departments. The president is elected by voters and oversees foreign policy and the national defense; he serves as the head of state.Parliamentary democracy: In this form of government, voters choose representatives in regular elections.  One of the largest parliamentary democracies is Australia, though its position is unique. While Australia is an independent nation, it shares a monarchy with the United Kingdom. Queen Elizabeth II serves as the head of state, and she appoints a governor-general. Australia also has a prime minister.Federal parliamentary republic: In this form of government, the prime minister serve s as the head of government; he is chosen by the parliaments at the national and state levels, such as the system in Ethiopia.Federal parliamentary democracy:  In this form of government, the party with the greatest representation controls the government and the office of prime minister. In Canada, for example,  the Parliament is made up of three parts: the Crown, the Senate and the House of Commons. For a bill to become law, it must go through three  readings followed by Royal Assent.  Self-governing parliamentary democracy: This  is similar to a parliamentary democracy; the difference is that the nations using this form of government are often colonies of another, larger country. The Cook Islands, for example, operate under a self-governing parliamentary democracy; the Cook Islands were a colony of New Zealand and now have what is called a free association with the larger nation.Parliamentary constitutional monarchy: In this form of government, a monarch serves as a cere monial head of state. Their powers are limited; the real power in a parliamentary constitutional monarchy rests with the prime minister. The United Kingdom is the best example of this form of government. The monarch and  head of state in the United Kingdom is  Queen Elizabeth II.Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy:  In the only instance of this government,  Malaysia, a monarch serves as the head of state and a prime minister serves as the head of government. The monarch is a king who serves as the paramount ruler of the land. The two houses of the parliament consist of one that is elected and one that is non-elected.Parliamentary democratic dependency: In this form of government, the head of state appoints a governor to oversee the executive branch of a country that is dependent on the homeland. The governor is the head of government and works with a cabinet appointed by a premier. A legislature is elected by voters. Bermuda is one example of a parliamentary democr atic dependency. Its governor is not elected by voters but appointed by the queen of England. Bermuda is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom.

Women Inventors A to Z Biography List

This is a A to Z list of popular women inventors that we have more extensive information on: biographies, images, timelines, and other media. The Directory contains many more names, however, a biography may or may not be available. Recommended women inventors biographies are bolded. A Randi AltschulVirgie AmmonsMary AndersonDorothy Arzner B Patricia E. BathMiriam E. BenjaminKatherine BlodgettBessie BlountSarah Boone C Josephine Garis CochranMarie Curie D, E, F Helen Free G Frances GabeSarah E. GoodeBette Nesmith GrahamTemple Grandin H Ruth HandlerJoycelyn HarrisonGrace Hopper I, J, k Mary Phelps JacobMarjorie Stewart JoynerAnna KeichlineMargaret KnightStephanie Louise Kwolek L, M N, O, P, Q, R Lyda NewmanJulie NewmarEllen Ochoa T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z Harriet TubmanMadame Walkerï » ¿Mary Walton -

Filipino Values - 1493 Words

Philippine Values Values are defined in a number of ways. Maciones (1997) defines it as the â€Å"beliefs, behavior and material objects that constitute a people’s way of life.† He also defined it as standards in a culture by which people make an assessment as to its desirability, goodness and beauty. Values may be helpful as Guidelines. Schaefer (2001) defines values a little more as â€Å"collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper – or bad, undesirable, and improper – in culture.† Conklin (1984) has this to say about values: â€Å"Values are abstract and shared ideas about what are desirable, good and correct – they represent the ideals of the culture† (as cited by Panopio and Rolda, 2000.) We can understand that†¦show more content†¦The individual should have chosen the things because he or she values them. 3. Behavioral. When one values a thing so highly it will be observable in one’s action. Basic Values Basic values are universal to human being. The following are the eight basic and core values: 1) health, 2)truth, 3) love, 4) spiritually, 5) social responsibility, 6) economic sufficiency, 7) nationalism and patriotism, and 8) global solidarity. Basic Filipino Values Four basic values identified by Jaime Bulato (1966) in his study of groups of Filipino workers: 1. Close Family ties. This Filipino value of the family is seen as a defense against all hostilities from the outside world. 2. Respect for Elders (Paggalang sa Matanda). This value starts very early. Children are taught to kiss the hands of parents and other elders or to do what people in the Visayas area call Amen which is equivalent of mano po in Filipino. The English version is to say â€Å"bless†. Obedience is the essence of respect for elders. 3. Economic and Social Upliftment. This refers to the Filipinos value of pulling out from economic difficulties by way of sacrificing for the sake of others. 4. Patience and Endurance. 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Their unique responses to Jesus’ call to â€Å"deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me† has proven to liberate them from the oppressive society they reside in—as seen in the practices of Payson and LakbayanRead MoreIs There a Philippine Public Administration1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Onofre Corpuzs esssay on Is there a Philippine Public Administration, he negatively stated that there is a Philippine public administration by repeatedly stating, Its all very Filipino. He even stated that ...the existing public administration is faithfully Filipino.. I must agree with his statement because indeed, a Philippine public administration exists, I believe in terms of structure. I would like to quote Alex Brillantes, Jr. and Maricel Fernandez on their statement. 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Inspiration He is inspired by reality and a slice-of-life showing real events that happened during the author’s span of life, from childhoodRead MoreAmerica s The American Dream1277 Words   |  6 Pagespot of cultures. Filipinos are one of the largest groups of immigrants in the United States. ‘’The Filipino American community is the second largest Asian American group in the U.S. with a population of over 3.4 million as of the 2010. (‘’Demographics of Filipino Americans’’). Philippine immigration began with colonization of the Philippines as a U.S. territory. When the Philippines gained its independence from the U.S. it left an impression on the Filipino people. Many Filipinos felt that immigrating

Advertisement Is A Powerful Thing On Our Life - 1335 Words

Advertisement is a powerful thing in our life. With the new technology, many companies are trying to build up a strong customer base that they can count on to buy their product. Thereby, they use various marketing strategies to promote and increase their sales. The best way to encourage, persuade, or manipulate the audience is to use advertising to call the public’s attention to their product. One important niche product line is the handbag which is part of the products that companies sell through advertising just to emphasize the qualities and the benefits of the product which is nothing but to be stylish. Analyzing two handbags advertisement that targeted different audience, we can see the marketing and advertising strategies that are†¦show more content†¦The photo is taken in black and white with a gray background to make the elegance and power stand out. Dressed in a long black suit, he is a perfect mix of charisma as a real gentleman; he is facing at the camera w ith the looks of a bad boy, and carrying a black handbag that matches the color of his garment. Additionally, the signature of â€Å"Givenchy Paris† flaunt across the center of the image. On the right side of the advertisement, below the picture text reads: â€Å"New York Madison Avenue – Miami Design District – Last Vegas Wynn†. As of the left side, the website of the signature â€Å"Givenchy.com† appears. I think that the advertisement is more effective. It relies the glamourous power of all celebrities whether athletes or model. The ad for Michael Kors appeared in Vogue which targets females who are in their twenties, care about style, beauty, and female fashion, and have a lot of money to spend on such products. They want something that make them feel fabulous. This evidence is based on all the articles in the magazine, and images that have traits from each of these aspects. This magazine in its entirety has many articles focusing on female style. Style such as Dillard’s, Chloe, Antonio Melani, Simon, Ralph Lauren, Valentino, etc†¦ are important defining this publication. The female beauty productsShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Social Media Of Our Generation1663 Words   |  7 PagesOur society is filled to the brim with visual images. Some more noticeable than others, yet they all impact our minds and thoughts differently even if the ideal is not visible on the surface. Gender, race, age, social class, etc., they all come into factor when affected by images of society. Although they are just i mages, current day society has learned to take pictures and warp them into anything they want to create. 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Rwt1 Research Paper Free Essays

string(111) " the basis of compensation for all employees, at all levels, no matter what their job description or title is\." Business Research Report Compensation Strategies Presented to: Management Assessment Code: RWT1 Table of Contents Executive Summary3 Introduction4 Research Findings5 Performance Based Pay5 Salary6 Longevity Pay7 Recommendations8 Conclusion8 References9 Executive Summary This report examines 3 different compensation systems that our company can develop and enforce within our company for our employees. Compensation is the most important and rewarding factor for employees, so a thorough and thoughtful approach should be taken as we think about changing the way in which this company rewards it’s employees for the work they do for us each and every day. Performance based pay is a widely popular approach to compensation where the employers pays the employee based on their job performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Rwt1 Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now This gives the employees control of how much they make and inspires them to do their best work on a daily basis to maximize their own income. With high productivity and quality performance employers are able to become more competitive and increase profit. Salary is an easy and constant way of paying the employees of this company. This is a set wage that employees will earn based on their job description. This wage will not change based on their merit or seniority. The stability of this compensation system appeals to employees as they always are aware of how income they will receive. But it also has very little room for growth and opportunity for the employees. The last form of compensation we can consider for our employees as a company is longevity pay. This is compensation based on the employee’s seniority, length of service, or tenure. This can be in the form of annual bonuses on their employment anniversary date, or monthly amounts added to their checks. This provides the employees with motivation to continuing their career and employment with the company. My final recommendation for the company is to develop our own performance based pay system for our employees. This will create highly productive and motivated employees eager to perform their job duties to the best of their abilities to maximize their own personal income. This in turn will create more profitability for our company. Also, creating goals for our employees will create awareness of our company’s goal as a whole organization and will create a more united workforce as we all work together for the same goal. A company with driven employees producing quality work can only be successful. Introduction I, Jamie Yocom, a Human Resource Assistant have been given the task of researching different compensation strategies for our company. In this eport I will be reporting to the Human Resource Director my research findings on 3 different compensation methods: Salary, Performance-Based Pay, and Longevity Pay. I will compare and contrast these methods in order for management to determine which method is most appropriate for us to adopt for our 120 employees. Since compensation is the biggest benefit we provide to our employees, this topic deserves thorough research and thought as we examine and promote a new way of rewarding our employees for th eir hard work and dedication to the quality and performance we expect from each and every one of them. After reading this report, management will have a greater understanding of each of these 3 methods and will be able to begin the process of deciding which one will be implemented in the near future. I will introduce using the compensation strategy of salary, which is a set amount an employee receives annually for the work they do no matter the quality of their work, or the hours they put in. Performance Based Pay is another method we can use in which employees are paid based on the quality of their performance and production. Longevity Pay is the final method I will propose of our use, it involves wage adjustments for each employee based on the length of service each year. Compensation policies can be very unique and vary from organization to organization. An understanding of the different methods is necessary in order to be profitable and to inspire quality production. Research Findings From extensive research, using a variety of relevant and credible resources, there are three compensation systems that should be considered: Performance Based Pay Salary Longevity Pay Performance Based Pay A Performance-Based Pay system is an increasingly popular compensation method used by organizations to increase productivity. A goal for all companies is to try and remain competitive and control costs, this is a reason for performance-based pay systems becoming more popular. This type of system attempts to link compensation to performance. (Gena Richter, 2002) These systems are directly tied to organization or individu al performance and are most effective when based on objective measures of quantity or quality of performance. If we wish to have a direct impact on work motivation, it must be linked directly to the performance of desired behaviors. In order for to put this type of system into place, performance evaluations must be conducted regularly , as well as training and development for those with performance that isn’t quite up to par. These additional resources will be necessary for our organization if we implement a performance based pay system. (William B. Bernathy, Ph. D. , 2004) Pay for performance compensation plans are widely considered to be a â€Å"win-win† for employees as well as their employers. When pay for performance wages are properly put in place at a company, everyone shares a common goal of doing what is best for the organization. In a system where employees earn higher compensation if their team, department, or company reaches specified targets, it becomes a motivational tactic to get employees to work harder and benefit the company while at the same time providing an added benefit for them. Instilling a performance based pay system in a company will allow you to get the most out of all of your employees and their performance and production. Martinovic, 2012) Reasonable, measurable goals and performance incentives should be the basis of compensation for all employees, at all levels, no matter what their job description or title is. You read "Rwt1 Research Paper" in category "Essay examples" Objections should be made clear and achievable based on their job description and quantifiable to provide each employee with incentives for good and productive performance. (Pinto , 2003) From a business perspective, in order to remain competitive in the current labor market, it would be smart to tie pay to performance so that employees’ output is accelerated. As a result, this type of system will streamline operations in an effort to control cost and remain competitive. â€Å"A well-constructed performance-based pay system can be viewed as an interactive process that translates the overall strategic initiatives into daily actions, with quantitative and attainable rewards provided to employees who accomplish their goals. † (Paul R. Dorf, 2001) Analysis: It is clear that there are many benefits to this type of compensation plan. The most evident is creating a more motivated and united workforce, as their one and only goal will be quality production. If our employees can equate their performance on the job with their paycheck, they will become a more focused, hardworking, and determined asset to our company. They will take ownership of their daily duties and tasks and hopefully become more efficient at what they do, which in turn, will be more and more profitable for the company. Different reasons to utilize this type of performance based system include: a way to retain and recognize top performers, align labor costs with productivity, and reinforce company objectives. Employees will also develop a more clear understanding of the overall business objectives. 1 Salary The general definition in federal law for salary is a regularly paid amount of money, constituting all or part of an employee’s wages, paid on a weekly or less frequent basis that is not subject to reduction due to the quality or quantity of work performed. (â€Å"Department of Workforce,†) Employers are responsible for paying their employees for the work that they perform; this can include using salary as a method to pay your employees. Employees that are salaried will be paid differently than those that are paid hourly. Hourly employees are paid based on the amount of hours worked and salaried employees are paid a set wage. (Natalie Grace, 2012) Salary is a fixed amount of compensation or money that is paid to an employee by their employer in return for work performed. Unlike performance based, that set wage will be the same no matter what. Salary is usually paid in bi-weekly paychecks to each professional employee. Most frequently an employee’s salary is paid in 26 even paychecks over the course of a calendar year. A salaried employee has no need to track hours worked because they are not paid overtime. An employee who is paid salary is expected to complete a whole job in return for their compensation. This is what makes salary different from hourly compensation or performance based pay. Their pay will be the same no matter the hours worked or the quality of their performance. (Heathfield, 2009) Analysis: Salary is the most stable and constant compensation system introduced in this report. It involves no changes or updates throughout the year. Employees will always be able to know what their pay will be. They will not be expected to meet quotas or goals in order to make their money. Employees who are salaried have a sense of stability when they think about their compensation from their employer, as stated above; their production and performance will not change their pay. This will frequently be the least complex form of compensation but it will not motivate or inspire the workforce to be more productive or efficient in their daily job responsibilities. Since their pay will always be the same, they will develop a mindset that they do not have to strive to do better or be better, since their pay does not depend on job performance. 2 Longevity Pay This type of compensation system is a contractual agreement where the employee will receive compensation based on their seniority. The manner in which this type of compensation is paid out can very widely. Each organization will have a policy that will describe the details of the longevity pay plan. These policies include the amount to be paid, the percentage of increase, and on what schedule payments will be made. This type of payment appears to the employees as a way of giving due compensation to workers who have made a significant contribution to the organization. (â€Å"wisegeek. com†) Longevity-pay is a wage adjustment that the employers base on the length of service, seniority or employee’s tenure with the company. The amount of annual longevity-pay is frequently a percentage of the employee’s annual rate of pay on the employee’s anniversary date. (â€Å"uslegal. com. † 2002) This type of payment is typically given to employees to recognize and reward the length of their tenures. These payments can also be given when employees reach significant employment anniversaries. These longevity payments differ from merit based pay in that a longevity-payment is based only on length of service, while a merit based payment is designed to recognize superior job performance and production. These are implemented by companies to help retain and attract top talent. Human Resource Mangers think of this as a way to reward loyalty and to inspire potential employees to understand that the company places value on employee experience and loyalty. (Willsey, 2002) Analysis: From an employee’s point of view, longevity pay means that the company you work for values your time and effort you put into your job. The point of having these longevity-payments and rewards is to retain our top and loyal performers. Rewarding our employees for their time served would be a substantial reason for employees to continue their career with this company. Recommendations Based on the above research and information on 3 different types of compensation, this is my recommendation for our company. Recommendation One: Develop and enforce a performance based bay system to otivate and inspire our employees to produce to the best of their abilities. Conclusion In conclusion, after thorough research and examination of compensation systems I recommend a performance based pay system for our company. This type of pay system will instill a clear understanding in the employees of our company’s purpose. By connecting their compensation with their performance on the job will inspire them to be more thorough, efficient. And they will learn to be more productive employees, which in turn will be more profitable for our company. With employees that are driven by quality production this company should only expect growth and success. We can increase productivity and remain competitive with other companies in our market by developing this type of compensation system. 1 References Abernathy, William B. , Ph. D. (2004). debwagner. info. Retrieved from http://debwagner. info/hpttoolkit/pfp_hpt. htm Department of workforce development. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://dwd. wisconsin. gov/er/labor_standards_bureau/publication_erd_13109_p. htm Dorf, Paul R. (2011). Would performance-based compensation improve your workforce?. Retrieved from http://www. compensationresources. com/press-room/would-performance-based-compensation-improve-your-workforce-. php Grace, Natalie. (2012). Ehow. com. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_5367027_rules-paying-salary. html Heathfield , S. H. (2009, March 26). About. com. Retrieved from http://humanresources. about. com/od/glossarys/g/salary. htm Martinovic, S. (2012, Feb 20). Pay for performance compensation plans. Retrieved from http://www. gaebler. om/Pay-for-Performance-Compensation-Plans. htm Pinto, J. (2003). Performance-based compensation. Retrieved from http://www. jimpinto. com/writings/compensation. html Richter, Gena. (2002). Retrieved from http://user. txcyber. com/~gena/HRPage/articles/062099. shtml uslegal. com. (2002). Retrieved from http://definitions. uslegal. com/l/longevity-pay/ Willsey, Marie. â€Å"What is a longevity raise? † 14 July 2010. HowStuffWorks. com. 24 February 2012 . wisegeek. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-longevity-pay. htm How to cite Rwt1 Research Paper, Essays

English Language Education Policies and Planning in Malaysia

Question: Discuss about the case study of English Language Education for Policies and Planning in Malaysia. Answer: Introduction: As mentioned above in the study, that English is considered as the second language in the country Malaysia; since it has been found that there exists a deficiency level in the proficiency of the student. It is assumed to be evident from the above study that the attitude and behavior of every Malaysian student towards learning English has been declined in most schools. Though, it is considered as one of the most inspiring opportunities for career growth, the performance level is constantly decreasing at an alarming rate (Hashim Leitner, 2016). There is a need of emergence to introduce English as the main subject in Primary schools also; so that the demand of such languages may inherit the level of education in maximum Malaysian schools sector. The entire assignment prefaces with the learning attitudes and behaviors of Malaysian students towards learning English as the main subject (Van der Walt, 2013). The upcoming future environment of maximum Malaysian schools is improving its atmo sphere; to make a perfect enlargement to learn English as the core subject. There is an essential to develop English in the primary sector of schools so that the base of students must be expanding with greater flexibility. All around the word, English is considered as one of the most important language as a means of instruction and communication to choose varieties of career opportunities. Being a second language in most of the Malaysian schools, it has led most of the students facing difficulties in achieving higher potential growth in understanding the use of languages. References Hashim, A., Leitner, G. (2016). 3 English in language education policies and planning in Malaysia. Languages in the Malaysian Education System: Monolingual Strands in Multilingual Settings, 46. Van der Walt, C. (2013). Multilingual higher education: Beyond English medium orientations (Vol. 91). Multilingual Matters.

The Drop free essay sample

I blinked my eyes twice, yet the same image appeared. I felt the dry, hot Italian wind blow over my face. My friends’ cheers seemed miles away. I breathed in the sweet smell of the olive groves. As the instructor clipped me in, I tried not to tremble, my friend Alicia was hyperventilating, I wanted to be the hero and show her it was ‘no big deal’ but secretly inside, I was just as scared. I made the mistake of looking down; it was a long fall to the bottom of this ancient stony tower. I looked out on to the town of Assisi; I could see for miles. I saw where the crowded tangled medieval streets turned into the earth-toned patchwork fields. Funny how a moment can seem like forever. My hands were burning from my tight grip on the rope. I was the first to go, I couldn’t remember why I had volunteered. We will write a custom essay sample on The Drop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I propped my head up and kept a smile. I had to be the leader. Slowly I crept baby stepping to the edge until only the tip of my sneakers, worn from miles of journeys, remained attached to the edge. â€Å"Alright now, you just lean back, I promise I got you.† I looked down on my hand there in purple marker in my handwriting was the word ‘Believe’ I took a deep breath. I slowly forced the rope to slide through my hesitating hand. I felt the sweat slowly sliding down the side of my face then falling off with confidence to the bottom. To think just a week ago I was sitting in my room reading Jane Eyre amazed by her courage, now it was time to put mine to the test. I took a deep breath and dropped back. I felt invincible. With each step I grew more and more confident, more and more sure of myself. I took the challenge in front of me and tackled it. I can now say I repelled down a 100 foot medieval tower, how many people can say that? My friends nominated me most li kely to change the world, although I may not win the superlative, I know without a doubt I’m not most likely to change the world. I will change the world. With each new challenge I will remember that hot dry Italian day and I’ll remember the word I wrote on my hand in purple ink. I will approach it with the determination of Jane Goodall and Anne Hutchinson. Refusing to give in when things are overwhelming, for I know in the end it’ll all be worth it. When I got to the bottom of that tower I looked up at its once daunting frame. Suddenly it wasn’t so big anymore. I stood cheering on my friends as they followed my example. Sometimes our fears try to hold us back with doubt, the key is to break its chains and triumphantly stand at the finish line. I intend to approach my studies in the same way refusing to quiver behind the sleepless nights and textbooks written in a foreign language supposed to be English, instead I will dive straight into the madness prev ailing on top.

Sample Nursing School Scholarship Essay - How To Apply For One

Sample Nursing School Scholarship Essay - How To Apply For OneWhile it's been the norm for some time now that parents are the ones who are mostly responsible for sending their kids to a good college, it is also true that they often have a tougher time getting them into a good nursing school. This is especially true if you happen to be of the minority category and of the minority gender. As a result, most of the time, you're left with a choice between colleges and career options. One way you can get a little of both, if only for a while, is to apply for a sample nursing school scholarship.Both the Federal Government and the private sector are now recognizing this as a significant impediment to college graduates. In fact, because it is just too hard to come up with enough money to pay tuition, some students are choosing to drop out and start a new life. Thankfully, you don't have to do that anymore. With the proper application, you will soon be on your way to an impeccable education in nursing!There are several different types of scholarships available to those who pursue a degree in nursing, and there are also numerous programs which give the opportunity to earn a degree. A college would require some form of investment, either in money or in a good deal of tuition. Unfortunately, many students fail to do so. This is where the sample nursing school scholarship comes in.An application for a sample nursing school essay will usually open up at a scholarship web site. Here, you will supply all the information you need. From there, you'll be sent several samples of what you can write about - either directly or via a link to a page with all the relevant essays you can choose from.You may write about anything pertaining to your life, even if you don't feel it's relevant. It's your chance to tell a story about your hopes and dreams for the future. The curriculum and coursework of your chosen program may also form a part of your essay. It may be relevant to help you learn about your field.Education is very important in the American culture, but we are actually not very lucky in this respect. Most of the brightest minds in the country are unsuccessful at acquiring a college degree. Why should this be so?The reason behind this is that our education system simply isn't structured in such a way that prepares us for the demands of the modern world. If you're one of those individuals, then you're in luck, because you can definitely apply for a sample nursing school scholarship!

Consequentalist Theory Applied to the Practice of Interrogative Torture

Consequentalist Theory Applied to the Practice of Interrogative Torture Free Online Research Papers To many Americans, the word torture may conjure up images of the Dark Ages, with black hooded torturers applying their craft in dank, dark dungeons. If the practice is associated with modern times, it is assumed that it is something that only an under developed country would engage in. Unfortunately, this topic has become more relevant to our own society in recent years. It has become an issue that can impact national security. Since the attacks of September 11th, we have had to question just how far should we go to obtain intelligence about future attacks. Thesis We now have to decide if the use of torture is an acceptable means to obtain this information. If we decide that this is an appropriate path to take, then how can we apply the practice in a morally acceptable fashion? By relating different forms of moral thought to this debate, I hope to show that the use of torture to extract information from terrorists might be justified using a consequentalist form of moral thought. Background Although America had experienced terror incidents in the past, the attacks of September 11th heightened public awareness of the threat and underscored the need for preventative measures to be taken (Combs, 2003, p. 276). Prior to September 11th, the terrorist group al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for attacks against the World Trade Center in 1993, US embassies in Kenya and Nairobi in 1998 and the USS Cole in 2000 (Combs, 2003, p. 67). Post 9/11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in Bali and London established this organization’s vitality and only reinforced the fear that many Americans felt about the possibility of future attacks on our homeland. The terrorist organization al-Qaeda remains a real threat to national security. Members of al-Qaeda are extremely dedicated terrorists who launch meticulously planned attacks, resulting in high casualties (Combs, 2003, p. 56). Owing to the War on Terror, we now have several high ranking al-Qaeda officials in custody. Naturally we should interrogate them, to learn more about their organization and to uncover plans for future attacks. How far we should take our interrogation is the matter up for debate. Al-Qaeda operatives can be classified as â€Å"Crusader† terrorists (Combs, 2003, p. 52). The crusader often believes he is serving a higher cause through terror, and has low expectations of survival in his quest. Not surprisingly, this type of person does not voluntarily disclose information that he feels will derail the mission of his organization. The information that he is not divulging, such as plans for a future attack or the location of a terrorist cell, can indeed be life saving for hundreds if not thousands of American citizens if the proper authorities become aware of it. A more emergent situation is called the â€Å"Ticking Bomb† scenario (Kennedy, 2003, p. 8). In this scenario, a detained terrorist is believed to know the location of a bomb that will cause many injures and deaths if it is not defused. With an understanding of terrorist ideology, we can expect that he is not likely to answer any questions. Is it appropriate to apply some physical coercion once conventional interrogation has failed? By analyzing several different forms of moral thought in the paragraphs that follow, I hope to illuminate some issues surrounding this debate. By doing so, hopefully the answer to the question I posed above will become clearer. Ethical Considerations Deontology When we examine the morality of interrogatory torture from a deontology standpoint, we need to look at principles or obligations that are associated with the action. For example, some might feel that we are obligated to uphold human rights, no matter the circumstances. If that were the case, then we would declare interrogative torture to be immoral. Although there may be disagreement among deontologists about what is obligatory, in general deontology places a high value on respecting human rights (Casebeer, pg. 3). Immanuel Kant provides some guidance as to how we can best extend this respect to others through his â€Å"categorical imperative†, in which he states that you should â€Å"Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in that of another, as an end, and never as a means only†(Casebeer, 2003, p. 3). We should not use another person to further our own agenda. Clearly torture violates Kantian respect, because not only are we using that person, but we are also inflicting pain as we do so. Undoubtedly a deontologist, who holds respect for others as the principle by which they gauge moral decisions, would condemn this action. Since deontologists do not always agree on what is obligatory, it is possible for there to be more than one viewpoint on a single issue. It all depends on what the individual holds as obligatory. For instance, in his paper Can Interrogatory Torture Be Morally Legitimate?, Kennedy stated: â€Å"One of the most fundamental and solemn obligations of the rulers of a nation is to protect the innocent† (p. 9). This is interesting because it shifts the obligation to the rulers. If we believe this to be true, then as average citizens we are really more concerned with the end results of intelligence gathering that will protect us, and not in the means with which the intelligence was collected. Virtue Theory When we talk about virtue in ethics, we are really talking about how we live our lives, and how others perceive us as we go about doing so. It is a measure of character. Aristotle talked about how humans strive for eudemonia, which translates to flourishing or proper functioning, essentially living a good life (Casebeer, 2003, p. 5),. How humans attain this is by exhibiting human excellences, or virtues such as honesty, compassion and kindness. Vices, such as anger, vengeance and violence, are those character traits that detract from the fundamental goodness that virtue theorists envision. It is not surprising then, that a virtue theorist would not be reconciled to justify torture under any circumstances. As Jeff Jacoby wrote in The Boston Globe in 2005: Torture is never worth it. Some things we don’t do, not because they never work, not because they aren’t â€Å"deserved†, but because our very right to call ourselves decent human beings depends in part on our not doing them. Torture is in that category (p. 2) I agree with the emphasis of this statement. Torture is truly abhorrent. I do believe that there is harm in becoming a nation that practices torture. I admire virtue ethicists, who feel encourage us to strive for human excellence. However, I feel that human excellence is an endpoint that is reached over time. The events of 9/11 did distract us from that end, but that’s what terrorism is supposed to do; it terrorizes. We need to overcome that, and endeavor to achieve that excellence. At the same time, we need to make sure our nation is not attacked in this way again. It is imperative that we ensure the safety of our citizens. It would indeed be wonderful if we could resolve our differences in a peaceful way, because that would exemplify virtue theory and move us closer to attaining excellence. However, that is not the way al-Qaeda does things. As a group they are not interested in bringing about peaceful solutions to the problems they perceive. Justice Viewing the debate from a justice standpoint would look at the fairness of interrogative torture. To evaluate justice in this circumstance, we would look at libertarian justice, or how the fairness of an action is determined through honoring agreements. In his 2002 article in the Philadelphia Inquirer, Mark Bowden wrote this about torture: â€Å" it would violate the U.S. Constitution, the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights†(p. 1). By not honoring these agreements, the United States is not acting in a just manner. However, two paragraphs later, Bowden quoted philosophy professor Michael Levin: Torturing the terrorist is unconstitutional? Probably. But millions of lives certainly outweigh constitutionality. Torture is barbaric? Mass murder is more barbaric. Indeed, letting millions of innocents die in deference to one who flaunts his guilt is moral cowardice, an unwillingness to dirty one’s hands (Bowden, 2002, p. 1). We can acknowledge that there is a libertarian justice argument against torture. However, this argument may be invalidated when viewed relative to the enormous loss of life associated with a terror attack that could have been prevented. Allowing an attack to occur because of reluctance to violate the rights of a terrorist is not fair to the intended victims. By maximizing fairness for a large number of innocent citizens, it can be said that we are practicing utilitarian justice. Consequentalist Thought Consequentalism examines, as the name implies, consequences that are associated with ethical decisions. A consequentalist will consider the results of their actions in terms of benefit versus harm. The ends justify the means. When decisions are made in this manner, the goal is to maximize benefit and minimize harm in the end. One tool that can be useful in the decision making process is the harm/benefit ratio. John Stuart Mill’s â€Å"Greatest Happiness Principle† states that the right decision is the one that provides the greatest amount of happiness for all involved (Casebeer, 2003, p. 3). Happiness here can be interpreted as the presence of pleasure or the absence of pain. It is important to note that Mills was talking about everyone affected by the decision when he measures happiness. In the â€Å"Ticking Bomb† scenario, we would consider the happiness (or pain) felt by the terrorist. We would then apply these same measures to the intended victims. For example, if we fail to gain substantive information from our terrorist through interrogation, and choose to not pursue the information we seek with more force, the terrorist feels no pain. However, when the bomb goes off, that pain is borne by the victims, their families and even the Nation. By making the decision to not torture, we maximized pain for a large cohort of people, and maintained happiness for one. The result is a high harm/benefit ratio. Under consequentalist thought, this cannot be construed as ethical behavior. A high harm/benefit ratio also results if a terrorist who knows nothing beyond his individual role in the organization is tortured during interrogation. The harm to the detainee is high, and the benefit to society is negligible. This too is unethical by any standard. One way we can avoid the situation I described in the preceding paragraph is to adopt an act utilitarian policy toward interrogative torture. Act utility looks at specific situations, and determines what action would maximize happiness in that situation. Rule utilitarianism sets rule for maximizing happiness that can be applied to a broader scope of situations. Because they are crafting rules for a variety of circumstances, rule utilitarians tend to be more conservative and mindful of individual rights (Casebeer, 2003, p. 4). In our case, a rule utilitarian might make a rule that torture cannot be considered until thirty days of conventional interrogation have passed. This sounds like a fine rule, until you have a terrorist withholding information about a dirty bomb attack that is expected in seven days. To contrast, an act utilitarian would look at individual detainees during normal interrogation. If a determination is made that an act of torture would likely produce useful information in a given subject, then it can be justified. The timing, intensity and type of torture would be adapted to what is expected to work for the individual detainee. Interrogative torture regulated by act utilitarianism would torture the right people, for the right reasons, using the right method. It sounds barbaric, but if we are going to torture a detainee, we better get some results and demonstrate how those results saved lives. Consequentalists would also look at potential problems associated with interrogatory torture. One problem identified by Casebeer (2003) is the possibility that torture could be established as an institution (p. 4). In other words, to make torture effective, intelligence personnel would need to be trained in the proper administration of it. This could lead to research into the most efficient use of torture or textbooks about torture. Would we as a people want to be associated with such things? We can see that this consequence quickly becomes a matter of virtue. Consequentalists would also worry about the image the United States would present to the rest of the world by practicing torture. Would it make us seem less virtuous as a people? This concern is closely related to virtue arguments made against interrogative torture. While I do believe that this can dampen our image in the eyes of the world, we have to ask if our perceived image is worth more than real American lives that can be lost in a terrorist attack. In my opinion, there is nothing more important than protecting Americans from another terror attack. Conclusion One of the tragedies of terrorism is that we as a society now have to make decisions like this. Ultimately, we must balance out the harm torture does, to the good it can present in terms of saving lives from terrorist attacks. Harm not only comes to the terrorist, but also to the society that inflicts torture upon him. Likewise, harm from a terrorist attack is not only from the loss of human life. Everyone in a nation that is struck by terror becomes a victim. By realizing the true extent of the harm that is associated with a terror attack, it becomes more apparent that our government is obligated to prevent another such occurrence. As I reviewed different forms of moral thought in this paper, I identified how interrogative torture could be opposed from each viewpoint. I was able to counter these concerns by adopting a consequentalist stance. By applying consequentalist thought to the problem, it becomes clear that greater harm is risked by not meeting the aforementioned obligation. Understanding that al-Qaeda is not going to make it easy for us requires an act utilitarian policy of using torture in select cases, and only then applying just enough physical coercion to get the results we need. I agree with the virtue theorists that say permitting torture will prevent us from excelling as members of the human race. I think the times that we are living in will only assent to letting us be good enough. Bowden, Mark. (2002). Torture a necessarily evil tool in unlocking terrorist secrets. [Electronic version] Philadelphia Inquirer, N/A. Retrieved October 29, 2007, from Student Edition via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/itx/start.do?prodId=STOM. Casebeer, William. (2003, January). Torture Interrogation of Terrorists: A Theory of Exceptions (With Notes, Cautions and Warnings). Paper presented at the Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics. Retrieved October 28, 2007 from usafa.edu/isme/JSCOPE03/Casebeer03.html. Combs, Cindy. (2003). Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Jacoby, Jeff, (2005) Why not torture terrorists? [Electronic version] The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 28th, 2007 from boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/03/20/why_not_torture_terrorists/. Kennedy, Robert. (2003, January). Can Interrogatory Torture be Morally Legitimate? Paper presented at the Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics. Retrieved October 28, 2007 from usafa.edu/isme/JSCOPE03/Kennedy03.html. Research Papers on Consequentalist Theory Applied to the Practice of Interrogative TorturePETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is Art

Biography of Thomas Jefferson, Third U.S. President

Biography of Thomas Jefferson, Third U.S. President Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743–July 4, 1826) was the third president of the United States, after George Washington and John Adams. His presidency is perhaps best known for the Louisiana Purchase, a single land transaction that doubled the size of the United States territory. Jefferson was an anti-Federalist who was wary of a large central government and favored states rights over federal authority. Fast Facts: Thomas Jefferson Known For: Third president of the United States; Founding Father; drafted the Declaration of IndependenceBorn: April 13, 1743 in the Colony of VirginiaDied: July 4, 1826 in Charlottesville, VirginiaEducation: College of William and MarySpouse: Martha Wayles (m. 1772-1782)Children: Martha, Jane Randolph, Unnamed Son, Maria, Lucy Elizabeth, Lucy Elizabeth (all with wife Martha); a rumored six with his slave Sally Hemings, including Madison and EstonNotable Quote: The government is best that governs least. Early Life Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, in the Colony of Virginia. He was the son of  Colonel Peter Jefferson, a planter and public official, and Jane Randolph. Jefferson grew up in Virginia and was raised with the orphaned children of his fathers friend, William Randolph. He was educated from ages 9 to 14 by a clergyman named William Douglas, from whom he learned Greek, Latin, and French. He then attended Reverend James Maurys School before matriculating at the College of William and Mary. Jefferson studied law with George Wythe, the first American law professor. He was admitted to the bar in 1767. Political Career Jefferson entered politics in the late 1760s. He served in the House of Burgesses- the legislature of Virginia- from 1769 to 1774. On  January 1, 1772, Jefferson married  Martha Wayles Skelton. Together they had two daughters: Martha Patsy and Mary Polly. There is also speculation that Jefferson may have fathered several children with the slave  Sally Hemings. As a representative of Virginia, Jefferson argued against British actions and served on the Committee of Correspondence, which formed a union between the 13 American colonies. Jefferson was a member of the Continental Congress and later was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. During part of the Revolutionary War, he served as the governor of Virginia. After the war, he was sent to France to act as a foreign minister. In 1790, President Washington  appointed Jefferson to be the United States first official  Secretary of State. Jefferson clashed with Secretary of the Treasury  Alexander Hamilton on how the new country should deal with France and Britain. Hamilton also desired a stronger federal government than Jefferson. Jefferson eventually resigned because he saw that Washington was more strongly influenced by Hamilton than himself. Jefferson later served as vice president under  John Adams  from 1797 to 1801. Election of 1800 In 1800, Jefferson ran as the Republican nominee for president, with  Aaron Burr  as his vice president. Jefferson ran a very contentious campaign against John Adams, under whom he had previously served. Jefferson and Burr tied in the  electoral vote,  leading to an electoral controversy that was ultimately resolved in Jeffersons favor by a vote in the House of Representatives. Jefferson took office as the countrys third president on February 17, 1801. Thomas Jefferson called the election of 1800 the Revolution  of  1800 because it was the first time in the United States when the presidency passed from one party to another. The election marked a peaceful transition of power that has continued to this day. First Term An important early event during Jeffersons first term in office was the court case  Marbury v. Madison,  which established the Supreme Courts power to rule on the constitutionality of federal acts. From 1801 to 1805, America engaged in a war with the Barbary States of North Africa. The United States had been paying tribute to pirates from this area to stop attacks on American ships. When the pirates asked for more money, Jefferson refused, leading Tripoli to declare war. This ended in success for the United States, which was no longer required to pay tribute to Tripoli. However, America did continue to pay the rest of the Barbary States. In 1803,  Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory  from France for $15 million. Many historians consider this the most important act of his administration, as the purchase doubled the size of the United States. In 1804, Jefferson dispatched the Corps of Discovery, the expedition party famously led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, to explore the new territory Reelection of 1804 Jefferson was renominated for the presidency in 1804 with George Clinton as his vice president. Jefferson ran against Charles Pinckney from  South Carolina and easily won a second term. The Federalists were divided, with radical elements leading to the partys downfall. Jefferson received 162 electoral votes and Pinckney got only 14. Second Term In 1807, during Jeffersons second term, Congress passed a law ending Americas involvement in the foreign slave trade. This act- which went into effect January 1, 1808- abolished the importation of slaves from Africa (it did not, however, end the sale of slaves within the United States). By the end of Jeffersons second term, France and Britain were at war and American trade ships were often targeted. When the British boarded the American frigate  Chesapeake, they forced three soldiers to work on their vessel and killed one for treason. Jefferson signed the  Embargo Act of 1807  in response. The legislation stopped America from exporting and importing foreign goods. Jefferson thought this would have the effect of hurting trade in France and Great Britain. It ended up having the opposite effect and did more damage to America. Death After his second term in office, Jefferson retired to his home in Virginia and spent much of his time designing the University of Virginia. Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. Legacy Jeffersons election marked the beginning of the fall of federalism and the Federalist Party. When Jefferson took over the office from Federalist John Adams, the transfer of power occurred in an orderly manner, setting a precedent for future political transitions. Jefferson took his role as party leader very seriously. His greatest achievement was perhaps the Louisiana Purchase, which more than doubled the size of the United States. Sources Appleby, Joyce Oldham.  Thomas Jefferson. Times Books, 2003.Ellis, Joseph J.  American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson. Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.â€Å"Thomas Jeffersons Family: A Genealogical Chart.† Thomas Jeffersons Monticello.

Analyze Emmi in Switzerland and predict how they can be more Essay

Analyze Emmi in Switzerland and predict how they can be more sustainable in 2054 - Essay Example This essay will set out to examine the sustainability of Emmi Company, and its sustainability potential in the future, especially in relation to environmental impacts and anticipated changes in the next forty years. Emmi has sought to differentiate its brand by enhancing sustainability in the past through careful and sustainable use of resources, and in its production activities. By doing this, Emmi seeks to satisfy required food standards for its market niche, ensuring that its products are safe and of high quality (Emmi Group: Genuine Swiss Premium Taste, 2014: p1). Basing their activities on economic production, they are also aware of the customers’ anticipation that Emmi pursues a strategy of sustainability that should have continuous price reductions as an attribute. This brings up a crucial aspect of Emmi’s business strategy in attempting to satisfy the customers’ expectations for superior brand quality in relation to maintaining customer friendly prices. This paper discusses the strategy pursued by Emmi in using competent and sound technologies that enable them to carry out energy intensive processes, making the company one of the industry’s leading entity in corporate responsibility. Sustainability is also a critical aspect of Emmi’s mission statement that all its employees are expected to adhere to in sustaining the company’s commitment to corporate management that is environmentally friendly. The sustainability strategy at Emmi is based on three key pillars, which are social commitment, economics, and ecology and finding a balance between these pillars (Three strategic pillars, 2014: p1). These pillars are grounded on corporate values that are aligned with its corporate philosophy, which will bring the pap er to an analysis of Emmi’s environmental impacts and changes anticipated in the next forty years, in relation to their global business’ sustainability potential. Emmi’s environmental policy holds that

Implementation of the Basic Human Right - the Right for Freedom due to Term Paper

Implementation of the Basic Human Right - the Right for Freedom due to the European Convention of Human Rights - Term Paper Example The sublimeness of the idea of human rights is enough to capture the imagination and fancy of someone reflecting on the idea. But if one is pulled back into reality, with the grimness of the world that human beings have created for themselves, one then is thrust to the question of justice, of equality, of liberty, of rights, and of freedom.  Ã‚   And for this very reason, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedom and its Eight Protocol came into inception.Europe ravaged by the atrocities of the Second World War had become the living witness of the extent of the possibility of the madness that could be inflicted by man to other men.   Thus, the man-made catastrophe – genocide - had spurred various leaders of Europe to come together and create a treaty.   A convention that will have for its undertakings â€Å"the promotion or encouragement of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction, and to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization for the achievement of these objectives.† Together with this sad and horrifying experience of Europe is the fact that during the creation of the convention, Europe is â€Å"ideologically broken,† because during that time the â€Å"ideological conflict between Eastern Europe and Western Europe† was as real and as palpable as any concrete human experience.   With these two reasons acting as the primary motivators and ethos, Europe had created the European Convention for the protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its eight Protocols. This convention was â€Å"signed on November 4, 1950† and â€Å"entered into force on September 3,1953†.It is in this light that this paper is being pursued - to be able to shed light into the question of liberty as it is elucidated and clarified in the â€Å"European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms a nd Its Eight Protocols.†Ã‚  

Study On Professional Development For Strategic Managers Education Essay

Study On Professional Development For Strategic Managers Education Essay There are some certain management and leadership skills which are necessary for the growth of any business organization. Both personal and professional skills should remain healthy for the healthy organization like problem solving, decision making and planning etc. in today business environment a leader or a manager must be have some certain qualities which are helpful in order to perform his role. As behavioural theories assume that leader can be made rather than born. So there are the certain skills which differentiate a leader from the others. A successful organization is the one which look after their employees and does something for their carrier development because this is the way through an organization achieve its goals. Personal skills evaluation: Everyone has ability to do something all it need to do is to identify what we have and how we can utilize it in positive sense , these are some common personal skills which are going to be discussed. . 1.1.1 TIME MANAGEMNET: This is the important personal skill through which it is able to do the things efficiently here it need to identify that at what time what we should do or what we should not .for example During the last week my target was to manage my college and my job together which I hardly able to manage it. Yes it is true that I was able to manage my time as for as job is concern and I went to college in time but other target was not achieved which was about the working on assignment thats all about the time management to use the time wisely , managing queries and analyzing the time properly , assessing the day that how much time you giving for your tasks and how can you safe your time by doing the things in time and we can also log the things as well. Find the answers of your questions and try to get the end result by solving these problems. Analyzing time spent to improve productivity This is the skill which we need to be focused to analyze the time where you actually going to spend and how we are dividing the tasks according to the time and to achieve our goal just analyze that are we giving the right time on right thing? and if this is the right thing which we are focusing is it possible that if we spend some more time on right issue, we can increase the productivity for example in Tesco when I work in my section pickles, oil and spices I always start work from oil because more heavy stuff is in that section and comparatively much easier to finish and spices take more time and cower a small section so I quickly do the other job which is more important and much easier to do. 1.1.2 Setting smart objectives: Smart objective are those which are specific, particular on certain task Set the realistic objective which are achievable, on right time make the measureable decision. Objectives are the plan for which you have to fight to achieve a certain goal we might have a many objective like my goal is to get MBA degree its my goal but to achieve a goal I have to set smart objectives which should be realistic, achievable and measureable like what is the thing which I am going to do? Specific: specific means the concern of any selected topic and when we talk about specific always questions coming in our mind that why, how and for who I am going to do this. Realistic: It is not necessary that realistic must be achievable but realistic is something that at least you have the resources to do that task for example its realistic to get the MBA degree foe me but in case I dont have the sources than I am not able to get degree like money is the main source. Measureable: its important for us to measure the task because if we cant measure it we cant do it. Measurement is the tool which we use for comparison. 1.1.3 Prioritising work task: prioritising is the process in which u priorities the tasks according to your mind so simply its a skill which u learn from yourself assess your priorities and then work on them for exp my priority at the time is to get MBA degree not to focus on job because through job I just pay the rent of my flat all I need to do just focus on my study because that is the priority for me right now but with the passage of time priorities change as time to time for exp if I got married at that time or I am having a baby than my priorities will be to feed my family instead of the study. So its so important to analyze and prioritize your work. This is human nature that once you start some new work it looks tough but as long as u keeps going with it you will find it quite easy. So try to find out the priority in the work and keep focus on that to get the desired result. For example I am doing to many tasks in the day I use internet after college, face book, I use to talk to my friends and I play football as well now I have to think that how much time I am going to spend on these tasks and what is my priority and how much time I am giving to my priority work and what changes I need to bring out in order to prioritise my work. 1.1.4 Problem solving and decision making: A problem is an unacceptable condition which is unusual. If you cant find the problem you cant sort the problem. So this is clear that to sort out the problem always we need to know that what the actual problem is and in response to find out the problem we need to develop the skill to make the right decision at right time. We should have the ability to find out the problem and then check what should be the solution and after that take the decision. Decision making is not easy because you always have a fear to make decision you can only make the decision when you know that what the actual problem is. We should able to developed skills of calculated risk in problem solving. 1.2 Professional skills: Personal skills are interrelated to the personal skills because through personal skills a person is able to develop his professional skill for example effective communication and good listening is a personal skill by using these skills in any organization you are able to polish your skills like if you have a good communication skill you are able to let the people understand what you are saying and if you are a good listener than you can easily understand what your bosses are expecting from you. Now we it will be discussed about some professional skills and analyze how these skills are linked to the personal skills. 1.2.1 Coaching skills: This is the skill which a person develops through experience and courses and it is widely used in the organizations to get the required task up to the mark. Coaches are introduced to make the employees skilful for example a area supervisor in the Carlisle security is working as a coach who is always there to train the security staff and guide them what they should do and what they are not suppose to do and in which conditions what steps they need to take and how to tackle with the difficult situations. According to Elizabeth Morgan It is vital for every business and professional organization to increase the knowledge and skills of their employees. They should strive to enhance the quality of performance, to ensure an improvement on the personal and professional front. (Elizabeth Morgan 2008) Now the question is how a person is been able to develop his coaching skills here it need to be understand the need of the personal skills as the good coach has definitely having a good communicational skill and he will be a good time manger and he should must have a stress management skill. It is not necessary that a person who has great coaching skills must be good in practical situation because this is a skill which he has for example in sports an boxing coach might not be a boxing champion but he is able to make the other person a champion. 1.2.2 Leadership skills: Leadership, a critical management skill, is the ability to motivate a group of people toward a common goal. There are some characteristics which make a person a successful leader. A leader is the one who can work in an environment which he can manage himself and others in a stress environment. Now again we see the personal skills stress management and using the time effectively .obviously a leader should have the skill of communication though he can communicate his team in an effective way and should be able to solve the problems when it occurs. There is the example of Tesco where we see what the role of team leader is and why he is the team leader. The reason behind it that he is the team leader because he use to work in every department in Tesco and he is able to motivate the other guys to do the right things at right time and if some time a sales assistant doesnt not know where he had to put the stuff in shelf he will be there and able to guide in seconds that this thing should go to that place so again its been seen that leadership requires a good personal skills. 1.2.3 Multitasking skills: Multitasking means, doing more than one task at the same time. This is the skill which is interrelated to the time management as if someone doing more tasks at same time it means he is going to save his time by that way. Normally the term multitasking is used in computer language because computer is able to process many programs at same time. this is the skill which a person develop with the experience for example if someone doing a office job and he is taking prints from the computer which takes time than in that time he is able to utilize it as he may can check his emails during that time and by checking his mails he is able to use the telephone to make important calls. Here we took a example of the concierge officer in Bryant court which is the reception of the residential flats. The officer is doing the multitasking by keeping eye on CCTV cameras operating phones and communicating with the residents at the same time. 1.2.4 Presentation skills: Presentations skills are achieved through the knowledge, confidence, communication and good learning skills. Presentation means to express your or the company views in front of the people without having any fear. Presentation skill is necessary to present but practise makes it perfect and when you do the practise it mean you are working on your personal skill to achieve professional skill. In Tesco section manger and senior night manager use to give presentation on every Monday to keep the staff up to date and telling them the company target and the role of staff. Now its been analyzed that professional skills are achieved through the practise of good personal skills. Presentation training is useful to develop presentation skills but nothing replaces practice. Effective presentations have targeted, simple, clear and repeated messages. (Roger lever 2009) Conclusion: Through this assignment its been seen that how personal skills are important to develop professional skills so both of these skills are interrelated to each other and a person uses both these skills to get the organization goal. TASK TWO: Personal development To assess my skills, I carried out a survey by giving evaluation forms to my class mates. We made a group of five members and each person rated my skills. With the help of their views I put these ratings in a suitable form. The assessment given by them is presented in the Appendices table and the final rating based on their feedback and my personal assessment is presented below. Rating of Management and Leadership Skills SKILLS RATING Very good 1 Satisfactory 2 Need to improve 3 Bad 4 Learning styles: It is been realised that we learn in different ways and learning styles. Honey and Mumford identified four different characters with quite different learning styles Activist, The Pragmatist, The Reflection the Theorist. Based on a questionnaire survey carried in the classroom, I learned that my predominant learning style is Pragmatist. I realise that pragmatist learning style has better impact in my learning activities. As I carried out a self-confidence survey and the result is presented below Self Confidence Analysis Situations Reasons Ways to Improve Worries of future makes me upset Because I think too much that what will happen to me. To overcome this I should set a proper plan about my future and then have to focus on that plan. I do not learn from my mistakes. Because I always ignore what happened and why was it happened. I should make a note about the failures in a personal diary in order to do avoid in future. I always upset if I cannot get success Because I am getting disheartened from my failures. I should have the courage to face the reality. Some time communication effect my confidence Because my native language is not English. I should develop my language skills I feel myself nerviest when I cannot present what I want. Because when I select a wrong topic of presentation. I should focus on what I want to do Improper dressing makes me feel lack of confidence. Because due to this I cant concentrate on my work. To overcome this always should dress up properly AT the start of presentation I feel lack of confidence Because I always ignore the preparation of introduction. To overcome this makes a proper intro of any presentation in order to reduce the lack of confidence in the start. Assertiveness Analysis This survey is based on questionnaire and I identified that my behavioral style is assertive as I raised my voice if someone do not listen to me but I also listened to them properly and try to make my point clear Weaknesses Ways to Improve If someone does not get my point I might lose my temper. I try to convince other with the solid points In case I am unable to understand a problem. I try my best to think before I speak Sometime when I disagree to someone I do not give them response. I am trying to improve my convincing skills Presentation Analysis Weaknesses Ways to Improve Because of preparation I use to take less sleep before last night of presentation. I should have enough sleep after preparation I have less confidence weather I could make it I should not be worried about it and speak without any pressure In some situations I forget some points during the presentations. I should note down on a piece of paper I feel hesitation while walking in front of people during presentation To overcome this one thing I have to make sure in my mind that I am perfectly all right from all aspects. In some cases I do not have enough material To overcome this always selects a right topic of presentation. At the start of presentation I feel lack of confidence. To overcome this makes a proper intro of any presentation in order to reduce the lack of confidence in the start. I believe under these circumstances, I can learn best in the following ways: I learn better from proven good practice, using the examples and the expertise of others. I like to face the problem with different approaches. I dislike situations where there is nothing to learn Pragmatist situation quite helpful for me. I always work when I have been forced to do job in time The short discussions or less detailed tasks make me unhappy. So I cant get benefit easily. I am expecting to make practical decisions. By presenting myself as practical person because I like to solve problems. I enjoy experimenting to improve techniques. I like frequently come up with the answer to a problem. I have only interest in theories is to see if the work in practice. Swot analysis helps us to analyze our strength and weakness and how we can create the opportunities for us and realizing the threat which are we facing at that time. In reference to the strengths the skills that I am good at are the following. This style shows that how a person utilize his personal skills and get benefit from these skills. Time management skill Supervision Customer service Adaptable skill Decision making ability Conflict Management skill. Coaching skill Weaknesses For an Effective leader I need to polish my skills. I feel some weaknesses to achieve my set targets of the business as a leader of the team. In following areas I think, I must have to improve in order to become an effective manager. Presentation Communication Self confidence Group discussion Planning Motivating Stress management Opportunities: By working on the skills which I already have it is possible that opportunities can be created and after solving out my problem making issue I will be able to make effective decision for myself and my team, it will decrease the failure rate and increase the confidence. After engaging in these activities a person is able to develop his future and carrier. Threats: There is always a aspect of threat which can never be denied ,being a leader a person should have the ability to realize that which threats are there which make a person worry and uncomfortable. The common threats which a leader faces are there. De motivation by top management policy Recession period Lack of knowledge Lack of qualification Self respect Misuse of power Personal Development Plan: Through the skill audit its been realised that which are the skills I need to improve and through which skills I am able to achieve my goal. In the following table I have developed a plan for myself and analyse that what should I do to improve my skills and how can I achieve my targets. Learning and Development needs Aims to learn and achieving goal Which actions need to be taken including resources need to achieve goals Date for achievement/review Presentation skill By developing these skills, I can present myself effectively in front of my senior management and other members of team which can increase the companys efficiency and productivity. It will help me in almost every field of life to achieve what I want to tell others. I should attend seminars, workshops and events Participating team meetings and group discussions. Concentrate on learning resources like tapes, videos and others. Whenever there is opportunity to speak I should go for that. Practising . 25-03-2011 Communicatin skill (English) English is an international language which is recognized all over the world and a person feel more confident and comfortable when he uses to speak foreigners and communicate in an effective way. This can support the personal objective and help to get company objective as well By convincing the people And introducing the business strategy. More Conversation and discussions in English By joining language classes and speaking freely to my mates can develop my skill I should go to the seminars I should watch English movies and other programs on TV. I should read English novels, poetry and other books to increase my vocabulary. I should prepare presentations in English to build my confidence to learn English quickly. 30-03-2011 Coaching Counselling Coaching and counselling is a leadership style which is used to make the employee productive for the organization and polish the skills. By counselling my subordinates I will be much closer to them and can sort the issues related to work which are really affecting their performance. Practical work Career and development training Learning from the teachers and senior management on work More discussion with colleagues and managers. Analyzing what to do and when it need to do Minimizing the work load and need to develop more human interaction. 15-04-2011 Planning Planning is the major key of the success weather a person or for the organization. Through proper planning person can achieve his targets which can help a lot in his progress. I need to identify the major objectives of my life and need to focus on these targets. Finding solution to achieve the targets I should analyze that my objective should be time based and realistic Proper planning to achieve my targets and should start work from today rather than tomorrow. As for as business point of view I should make a proper plan by arranging meetings with the seniors and stakeholders. I should attend conferences and read the survey reports. 20-04-2011 Outcomes of Personal Development Plan against personal objective: Through the skill audit it is been identified that which are things which I need to work on and improve and which are the strength that I am having. Secondly a plan is developed to overcome the efficiencies and to improve my skills. This is my personal objective to improve my capability in language skills but it cannot be achieved until it is not been planned to learn it. It needs to develop a plan that how this objective can be achieved and which are the resources I have, what are my strength and using my strength how I can overcome my efficiency. It can be put the time limits which indicates that within the specific period this goal must be achieved for example my target is to learn the communication skill before I leave this country. Personal objectives are so important in life because there is the purpose to spend the life. Without any purpose of life it becomes useless to live. Every one plans according to its ability to think and work on it but it really does matter how do you think and what you are going to do. Personal development plan is a suitable written form of the person thinking that what does a person want in life and how does he plan to achieve the target. It gives you the time to think and analyze the multiple solutions of the problem and work on them according to the plan like my objective in next three month is to learn presentation skills and it is analyzed that which are the ways through it can be achieved and how to deal with the time wasting and more focus to get the objective. Impact of own learning against the achievement of strategic goals: This is the more effective way to achieve the goal to write down the plan and then focus on your target. All we need to do to identify the objective and realize which is important for us and which is not. It helps us in learning by focus on the working document. Thing which it need to keep in mind is that the objective should be realistic and achievable and it should be clear that what are the strength of a person to achieve his goal and which are the area he need to work on . It does work in a great way as I set a goal for myself that till next three months I will improve my communication skills and I start work on this target by reading newspaper and books, communicating with my friends and colleagues. I have started to watch English movies on TV which did not do before. After a week it is realized that it does work as I feel much comfortable than before. Till the review date I feel most of the job will be done and there will be the difference. I personally learn that there are many things in life which we do not give the importance but a little thing can make the difference as I plan to achieve my goal I realize that it does not take too much time and efforts to achieve the targets. I will definitely implement it in my life by setting objectives in my life and there I will set the time limit to achieve it in time. Once I will get the objective of learning skills I will set more objectives. Appendix No. Skill Person A Person B Person C Person D Result Mode 1 Communication 2 3 2 2 2,3 2 planning 3 2 2 3 2,3 3 coaching 2 4 3 4 2,3,4 4 Presentation 3 2 2 3 2,3,2 5 Motivation 2 2 1 3 1,2,3 6 Time Management 1 2 2 2 1,2 7 Group discussion 2 2 3 3 2,3 8 Decision Making 4 3 4 3 3,4 9 Self Confidence 3 2 2 3 2,3 10 Technical Ability 2 3 3 2 2,3 11 Stress Management 2 4 3 4 2,3,4 12 Conflict Management 3 3 2 3 2,3