How Does a Parliamentary Government Work

A parliamentary government is a system in which the powers of the executive and legislative branches are intertwined as opposed to being held separate as a check against each others power, as the Founding Fathers of the United States demanded in the U.S. Constitution. In fact, the executive branch in a parliamentary government draws its power directly from the legislative branch. Thats because the top government official and members of his cabinet are chosen not by voters, as is the case in the presidential system in the United States, but by members of the legislature. Parliamentary governments are common in Europe and the Caribbean; they are also more common worldwide than presidential forms of government. What Makes a Parliamentary Government Different The method  by which the head of government  is chosen is the primary distinction between a parliamentary government and a presidential system. The head of a parliamentary government is chosen by the legislative branch and typically holds the title of Prime Minister, as is the case in the United Kingdom and Canada. In the United Kingdom, voters elect members of the  British House of Commons every five years; the party that secures a majority of seats then chooses members of the executive branch cabinet and prime minister. The prime minister and his cabinet serve as long as the legislature has confidence in them. In Canada, the lead of the political party that wins the most seats in parliament becomes the prime minister. By comparison, in a presidential system such as the one in place in the United States, voters elect members of Congress to serve in the legislative branch of government and choose the head of the government, the president, separately. The president and members of Congress serve fixed terms that are not dependent on the confidence of voters.  Presidents are limited to serving two terms, but there are no terms limits for members of Congress. In fact, there is no mechanism for removal of a member of Congress, and while there are provisions in the U.S. Constitution to remove a sitting president—impeachment and the 25th Amendment—theres never been a commander-in-chief forcibly removed from the White House. Parliamentary Government as a Cure for Partisanship Some prominent political scientists and government observers who bemoan the level of partisanship and gridlock in some systems, most notably in the United States, have suggested adopting some elements of a parliamentary government might help solve those problems. The University of California’s Richard L. Hasen raised the idea in 2013 but suggested such a change should not be undertaken lightly. Writing in â€Å"Political Dysfunction and Constitutional Change,† Hasen stated: â€Å"The partisanship of our political branches and mismatch with our structure of government raise this fundamental question: Is the United States political system so broken that we should change the United States Constitution to adopt a parliamentary system either a Westminster system as in the United Kingdom or a different form of parliamentary democracy? Such a move toward unified government would allow the Democratic or Republican parties to act in a unified way to pursue a rational plan on budget reform on other issues. Voters could then hold the party in power accountable if the programs it pursued were against voter preferences. It seems a more logical way to organize politics and insure that each party will have a chance to present its platform to the voters, to have that platform enacted, and to allow voters at the next election to pass on how well the party has managed the country. Why Parliamentary Governments Can Be More Efficient Walter Bagehot, a British journalist and essayist, argued for a parliamentary system in his 1867 work  The English Constitution. His primary point was that the separation of powers in government was not between the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government but between what he called the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"dignified† and the â€Å"efficient.† The dignified branch in the United Kingdom was the monarchy, the queen. The efficient branch was everyone else who did the real work, from the prime minister and his cabinet down to the House of Commons. In that sense, such a system forced the head of government and legislators to debate policy on the same, level playing field instead of holding the prime minister above the fray. â€Å"If the persons who have to do the work are not the same as those who have to make laws, there will be a controversy between two sets of persons. The tax-imposers are sure to quarrel with tax-requirers. The executive is crippled by not getting the laws it needs, and the legislature is spoiled by having to act without responsibility; the executive becomes unfit for its name since it cannot execute what it decides on: the legislature is demoralized by liberty, by taking decisions of which others (and not itself) will suffer the effects.† The Role of Parties in a Parliamentary Government The party in power in a parliamentary government controls the office of the prime minister and all members of the cabinet, in addition to holding enough seats in the legislative branch to pass legislation, even on the most controversial issues. The opposition party, or the minority party, is expected to be vociferous in its objection to almost everything the majority party does, and yet it has little power to impede the progress of their counterparts on the other side of the aisle. In the United States, a party can control both houses of Congress and the White House and still fail to accomplish much. Akhilesh Pillalamarri, an international relations analyst, wrote in  National Interest:   A parliamentary system of government is preferable to a presidential system.  ...  The fact that a prime minister is held accountable to the legislature is a very good thing for governance. First, it means that the executive and his or her government are of a like mind with the majority of legislators, because prime ministers come from the party with a majority of seats in the parliament, usually. The gridlock evident in the United States, where the president is of a different party than the majority of Congress, is far less likely in a parliamentary system. List of Countries With Parliamentary Governments There are 104 countries that operate under some form of parliamentary government. Different Kinds of Parliamentary Governments There are more than half a dozen different kinds of parliamentary governments. They operate similarly but often have  different organizational charts or names for positions.   Parliamentary republic: In a parliamentary republic, there is both a president and a prime minister, and a parliament acting as the highest legislative body.  Finland operates under a parliamentary republic. The prime minister is chosen by parliament and acts as the head of government, a position responsible for directing the activities of the many federal agencies and departments. The president is elected by voters and oversees foreign policy and the national defense; he serves as the head of state.Parliamentary democracy: In this form of government, voters choose representatives in regular elections.  One of the largest parliamentary democracies is Australia, though its position is unique. While Australia is an independent nation, it shares a monarchy with the United Kingdom. Queen Elizabeth II serves as the head of state, and she appoints a governor-general. Australia also has a prime minister.Federal parliamentary republic: In this form of government, the prime minister serve s as the head of government; he is chosen by the parliaments at the national and state levels, such as the system in Ethiopia.Federal parliamentary democracy:  In this form of government, the party with the greatest representation controls the government and the office of prime minister. In Canada, for example,  the Parliament is made up of three parts: the Crown, the Senate and the House of Commons. For a bill to become law, it must go through three  readings followed by Royal Assent.  Self-governing parliamentary democracy: This  is similar to a parliamentary democracy; the difference is that the nations using this form of government are often colonies of another, larger country. The Cook Islands, for example, operate under a self-governing parliamentary democracy; the Cook Islands were a colony of New Zealand and now have what is called a free association with the larger nation.Parliamentary constitutional monarchy: In this form of government, a monarch serves as a cere monial head of state. Their powers are limited; the real power in a parliamentary constitutional monarchy rests with the prime minister. The United Kingdom is the best example of this form of government. The monarch and  head of state in the United Kingdom is  Queen Elizabeth II.Federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy:  In the only instance of this government,  Malaysia, a monarch serves as the head of state and a prime minister serves as the head of government. The monarch is a king who serves as the paramount ruler of the land. The two houses of the parliament consist of one that is elected and one that is non-elected.Parliamentary democratic dependency: In this form of government, the head of state appoints a governor to oversee the executive branch of a country that is dependent on the homeland. The governor is the head of government and works with a cabinet appointed by a premier. A legislature is elected by voters. Bermuda is one example of a parliamentary democr atic dependency. Its governor is not elected by voters but appointed by the queen of England. Bermuda is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom.

Women Inventors A to Z Biography List

This is a A to Z list of popular women inventors that we have more extensive information on: biographies, images, timelines, and other media. The Directory contains many more names, however, a biography may or may not be available. Recommended women inventors biographies are bolded. A Randi AltschulVirgie AmmonsMary AndersonDorothy Arzner B Patricia E. BathMiriam E. BenjaminKatherine BlodgettBessie BlountSarah Boone C Josephine Garis CochranMarie Curie D, E, F Helen Free G Frances GabeSarah E. GoodeBette Nesmith GrahamTemple Grandin H Ruth HandlerJoycelyn HarrisonGrace Hopper I, J, k Mary Phelps JacobMarjorie Stewart JoynerAnna KeichlineMargaret KnightStephanie Louise Kwolek L, M N, O, P, Q, R Lyda NewmanJulie NewmarEllen Ochoa T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z Harriet TubmanMadame Walkerï » ¿Mary Walton -

Filipino Values - 1493 Words

Philippine Values Values are defined in a number of ways. Maciones (1997) defines it as the â€Å"beliefs, behavior and material objects that constitute a people’s way of life.† He also defined it as standards in a culture by which people make an assessment as to its desirability, goodness and beauty. Values may be helpful as Guidelines. Schaefer (2001) defines values a little more as â€Å"collective conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper – or bad, undesirable, and improper – in culture.† Conklin (1984) has this to say about values: â€Å"Values are abstract and shared ideas about what are desirable, good and correct – they represent the ideals of the culture† (as cited by Panopio and Rolda, 2000.) We can understand that†¦show more content†¦The individual should have chosen the things because he or she values them. 3. Behavioral. When one values a thing so highly it will be observable in one’s action. Basic Values Basic values are universal to human being. The following are the eight basic and core values: 1) health, 2)truth, 3) love, 4) spiritually, 5) social responsibility, 6) economic sufficiency, 7) nationalism and patriotism, and 8) global solidarity. Basic Filipino Values Four basic values identified by Jaime Bulato (1966) in his study of groups of Filipino workers: 1. Close Family ties. This Filipino value of the family is seen as a defense against all hostilities from the outside world. 2. Respect for Elders (Paggalang sa Matanda). This value starts very early. Children are taught to kiss the hands of parents and other elders or to do what people in the Visayas area call Amen which is equivalent of mano po in Filipino. The English version is to say â€Å"bless†. Obedience is the essence of respect for elders. 3. Economic and Social Upliftment. This refers to the Filipinos value of pulling out from economic difficulties by way of sacrificing for the sake of others. 4. Patience and Endurance. This value is reflected in the way Filipinos bounce back when tragedy or misfortune strikes. Values identified by Horacio de la Costa, SJ. 1. Self- reliance (pagsasarili). This refers toShow MoreRelatedConfucian Values in Relation to Filipino Values1287 Words   |  6 PagesRelation of Confucian Values with Filipino Values Moral, values and ethics define who we are and what we believe. Culture, religion, and many other things affect our beliefs. One uses various types of ethics when surrounded by different groups. Knowing between right and wrong is a good foundation to practice goo ethics and morals. These things make morals, ethics and values important in society. many factors can contribute to what we think is morally right or wrong. Religion, for example, mayRead MoreEssay on Asian American1356 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Filipino heritage is demonstrated throughout the novel Dogeaters, which bases many of its circumstances on factual statistics of the Philippines. The history of the Philippines allows us to see the roots of their self-hatred. For instance, the four hundred year long colonization of the Philippines by Spain and other foreign countries led to oppression and self-hatred of Filipino culture. Even the title of the book, Dogeaters, amplifies a common American stereotype of Filipinos, su ggestingRead MoreColonial Mentality: Its Roots1271 Words   |  6 PagesSpain c. Japan II. How colonial mentality is inherited by Filipino individuals A. Denigration of the Filipino self B. Denigration of the Filipino culture and body C. Discrimination against less acculturated Filipinos D. Tolerance and acceptance of historical and contemporary oppression of Filipinos III. Effects of Having Colonial Mentality A. To Filipinos B. To our country C. To other countries IV. Reducing the quantity of Filipinos who have colonial mentality Introduction: DoRead MoreCultural Characteristics of the Philippines 1429 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a number of countries, they are mainly of Malayan ancestry. The majority of Filipinos living in North America were not actually born here, but were born in the Philippines and migrated here. Filipinos are the 2nd largest foreign born population in this country, Mexicans being the first. Most of the Filipino Americans live in California; however, they are spread out all over the United States. A new older Filipino immigrant is sometimes referred to as a â€Å"NEFI†. Wilson and Billones (1994) statedRead MoreViajero Analysis2686 Words   |  11 Pagesinvested upon it, literature reflects norms and values, revealing the ethos of one’s culture, the pains and pangs of history, the bloodshed preserved in books, the processes of political and class struggles, social facts, the beauty of the people but more than that, the beauty of their stories. As it mirrors human actions, it oft en presents a picture of what people think, say and do in the society or what society as a whole does in shaping the values of its people. Hence, the writer of a particularRead MoreThe Passion, Death and Resurrection of Jesus1955 Words   |  8 Pagesexecution is questionable. Whenever I examine Jesus’ Passion, Death, and Resurrection, the implication that salvation requires levels of suffering has always fascinated me, especially when looking at the lives of women belonging to the contemporary Filipino culture residing in the Philippines. Their unique responses to Jesus’ call to â€Å"deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me† has proven to liberate them from the oppressive society they reside in—as seen in the practices of Payson and LakbayanRead MoreIs There a Philippine Public Administration1548 Words   |  7 PagesIn Onofre Corpuzs esssay on Is there a Philippine Public Administration, he negatively stated that there is a Philippine public administration by repeatedly stating, Its all very Filipino. He even stated that ...the existing public administration is faithfully Filipino.. I must agree with his statement because indeed, a Philippine public administration exists, I believe in terms of structure. I would like to quote Alex Brillantes, Jr. and Maricel Fernandez on their statement. Yes we haveRead MoreFilipino Language and Green Card Bearer3250 Words   |  13 Pages Short Story: Bread of Salt Poem: Isang Dipang Langit Group 11 (Vardeleon, Tiu, Gabana) Short Story: The Day the Dancers Came Poem: Confessions of a Green Card Bearer Group 12 (Zabala, Batoon, Rico) Short Story: Children of the City Poem: Filipino American Barbie Questions for Reporting |Short Stories |Poems | |GROUP 1 Read MoreBrother, My Brother - Bienvenido Santos BOOK REPORT1657 Words   |  7 Pageshow the author lives his self, remembering the past by going back to his childhood place where his family lives. The story is an autobiography that depicts the author’s journey plus the persons that turns pro and against him. It also depicts a true Filipino events which some come back to Philippines and go back outside the Philippines where they were earn a living. B. Inspiration He is inspired by reality and a slice-of-life showing real events that happened during the author’s span of life, from childhoodRead MoreAmerica s The American Dream1277 Words   |  6 Pagespot of cultures. Filipinos are one of the largest groups of immigrants in the United States. ‘’The Filipino American community is the second largest Asian American group in the U.S. with a population of over 3.4 million as of the 2010. (‘’Demographics of Filipino Americans’’). Philippine immigration began with colonization of the Philippines as a U.S. territory. When the Philippines gained its independence from the U.S. it left an impression on the Filipino people. Many Filipinos felt that immigrating

Advertisement Is A Powerful Thing On Our Life - 1335 Words

Advertisement is a powerful thing in our life. With the new technology, many companies are trying to build up a strong customer base that they can count on to buy their product. Thereby, they use various marketing strategies to promote and increase their sales. The best way to encourage, persuade, or manipulate the audience is to use advertising to call the public’s attention to their product. One important niche product line is the handbag which is part of the products that companies sell through advertising just to emphasize the qualities and the benefits of the product which is nothing but to be stylish. Analyzing two handbags advertisement that targeted different audience, we can see the marketing and advertising strategies that are†¦show more content†¦The photo is taken in black and white with a gray background to make the elegance and power stand out. Dressed in a long black suit, he is a perfect mix of charisma as a real gentleman; he is facing at the camera w ith the looks of a bad boy, and carrying a black handbag that matches the color of his garment. Additionally, the signature of â€Å"Givenchy Paris† flaunt across the center of the image. On the right side of the advertisement, below the picture text reads: â€Å"New York Madison Avenue – Miami Design District – Last Vegas Wynn†. As of the left side, the website of the signature â€Å"Givenchy.com† appears. I think that the advertisement is more effective. It relies the glamourous power of all celebrities whether athletes or model. The ad for Michael Kors appeared in Vogue which targets females who are in their twenties, care about style, beauty, and female fashion, and have a lot of money to spend on such products. They want something that make them feel fabulous. 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Rwt1 Research Paper Free Essays

string(111) " the basis of compensation for all employees, at all levels, no matter what their job description or title is\." Business Research Report Compensation Strategies Presented to: Management Assessment Code: RWT1 Table of Contents Executive Summary3 Introduction4 Research Findings5 Performance Based Pay5 Salary6 Longevity Pay7 Recommendations8 Conclusion8 References9 Executive Summary This report examines 3 different compensation systems that our company can develop and enforce within our company for our employees. Compensation is the most important and rewarding factor for employees, so a thorough and thoughtful approach should be taken as we think about changing the way in which this company rewards it’s employees for the work they do for us each and every day. Performance based pay is a widely popular approach to compensation where the employers pays the employee based on their job performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Rwt1 Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now This gives the employees control of how much they make and inspires them to do their best work on a daily basis to maximize their own income. With high productivity and quality performance employers are able to become more competitive and increase profit. Salary is an easy and constant way of paying the employees of this company. This is a set wage that employees will earn based on their job description. This wage will not change based on their merit or seniority. The stability of this compensation system appeals to employees as they always are aware of how income they will receive. But it also has very little room for growth and opportunity for the employees. The last form of compensation we can consider for our employees as a company is longevity pay. This is compensation based on the employee’s seniority, length of service, or tenure. This can be in the form of annual bonuses on their employment anniversary date, or monthly amounts added to their checks. This provides the employees with motivation to continuing their career and employment with the company. My final recommendation for the company is to develop our own performance based pay system for our employees. This will create highly productive and motivated employees eager to perform their job duties to the best of their abilities to maximize their own personal income. This in turn will create more profitability for our company. Also, creating goals for our employees will create awareness of our company’s goal as a whole organization and will create a more united workforce as we all work together for the same goal. A company with driven employees producing quality work can only be successful. Introduction I, Jamie Yocom, a Human Resource Assistant have been given the task of researching different compensation strategies for our company. In this eport I will be reporting to the Human Resource Director my research findings on 3 different compensation methods: Salary, Performance-Based Pay, and Longevity Pay. I will compare and contrast these methods in order for management to determine which method is most appropriate for us to adopt for our 120 employees. Since compensation is the biggest benefit we provide to our employees, this topic deserves thorough research and thought as we examine and promote a new way of rewarding our employees for th eir hard work and dedication to the quality and performance we expect from each and every one of them. After reading this report, management will have a greater understanding of each of these 3 methods and will be able to begin the process of deciding which one will be implemented in the near future. I will introduce using the compensation strategy of salary, which is a set amount an employee receives annually for the work they do no matter the quality of their work, or the hours they put in. Performance Based Pay is another method we can use in which employees are paid based on the quality of their performance and production. Longevity Pay is the final method I will propose of our use, it involves wage adjustments for each employee based on the length of service each year. Compensation policies can be very unique and vary from organization to organization. An understanding of the different methods is necessary in order to be profitable and to inspire quality production. Research Findings From extensive research, using a variety of relevant and credible resources, there are three compensation systems that should be considered: Performance Based Pay Salary Longevity Pay Performance Based Pay A Performance-Based Pay system is an increasingly popular compensation method used by organizations to increase productivity. A goal for all companies is to try and remain competitive and control costs, this is a reason for performance-based pay systems becoming more popular. This type of system attempts to link compensation to performance. (Gena Richter, 2002) These systems are directly tied to organization or individu al performance and are most effective when based on objective measures of quantity or quality of performance. If we wish to have a direct impact on work motivation, it must be linked directly to the performance of desired behaviors. In order for to put this type of system into place, performance evaluations must be conducted regularly , as well as training and development for those with performance that isn’t quite up to par. These additional resources will be necessary for our organization if we implement a performance based pay system. (William B. Bernathy, Ph. D. , 2004) Pay for performance compensation plans are widely considered to be a â€Å"win-win† for employees as well as their employers. When pay for performance wages are properly put in place at a company, everyone shares a common goal of doing what is best for the organization. In a system where employees earn higher compensation if their team, department, or company reaches specified targets, it becomes a motivational tactic to get employees to work harder and benefit the company while at the same time providing an added benefit for them. Instilling a performance based pay system in a company will allow you to get the most out of all of your employees and their performance and production. Martinovic, 2012) Reasonable, measurable goals and performance incentives should be the basis of compensation for all employees, at all levels, no matter what their job description or title is. You read "Rwt1 Research Paper" in category "Essay examples" Objections should be made clear and achievable based on their job description and quantifiable to provide each employee with incentives for good and productive performance. (Pinto , 2003) From a business perspective, in order to remain competitive in the current labor market, it would be smart to tie pay to performance so that employees’ output is accelerated. As a result, this type of system will streamline operations in an effort to control cost and remain competitive. â€Å"A well-constructed performance-based pay system can be viewed as an interactive process that translates the overall strategic initiatives into daily actions, with quantitative and attainable rewards provided to employees who accomplish their goals. † (Paul R. Dorf, 2001) Analysis: It is clear that there are many benefits to this type of compensation plan. The most evident is creating a more motivated and united workforce, as their one and only goal will be quality production. If our employees can equate their performance on the job with their paycheck, they will become a more focused, hardworking, and determined asset to our company. They will take ownership of their daily duties and tasks and hopefully become more efficient at what they do, which in turn, will be more and more profitable for the company. Different reasons to utilize this type of performance based system include: a way to retain and recognize top performers, align labor costs with productivity, and reinforce company objectives. Employees will also develop a more clear understanding of the overall business objectives. 1 Salary The general definition in federal law for salary is a regularly paid amount of money, constituting all or part of an employee’s wages, paid on a weekly or less frequent basis that is not subject to reduction due to the quality or quantity of work performed. (â€Å"Department of Workforce,†) Employers are responsible for paying their employees for the work that they perform; this can include using salary as a method to pay your employees. Employees that are salaried will be paid differently than those that are paid hourly. Hourly employees are paid based on the amount of hours worked and salaried employees are paid a set wage. (Natalie Grace, 2012) Salary is a fixed amount of compensation or money that is paid to an employee by their employer in return for work performed. Unlike performance based, that set wage will be the same no matter what. Salary is usually paid in bi-weekly paychecks to each professional employee. Most frequently an employee’s salary is paid in 26 even paychecks over the course of a calendar year. A salaried employee has no need to track hours worked because they are not paid overtime. An employee who is paid salary is expected to complete a whole job in return for their compensation. This is what makes salary different from hourly compensation or performance based pay. Their pay will be the same no matter the hours worked or the quality of their performance. (Heathfield, 2009) Analysis: Salary is the most stable and constant compensation system introduced in this report. It involves no changes or updates throughout the year. Employees will always be able to know what their pay will be. They will not be expected to meet quotas or goals in order to make their money. Employees who are salaried have a sense of stability when they think about their compensation from their employer, as stated above; their production and performance will not change their pay. This will frequently be the least complex form of compensation but it will not motivate or inspire the workforce to be more productive or efficient in their daily job responsibilities. Since their pay will always be the same, they will develop a mindset that they do not have to strive to do better or be better, since their pay does not depend on job performance. 2 Longevity Pay This type of compensation system is a contractual agreement where the employee will receive compensation based on their seniority. The manner in which this type of compensation is paid out can very widely. Each organization will have a policy that will describe the details of the longevity pay plan. These policies include the amount to be paid, the percentage of increase, and on what schedule payments will be made. This type of payment appears to the employees as a way of giving due compensation to workers who have made a significant contribution to the organization. (â€Å"wisegeek. com†) Longevity-pay is a wage adjustment that the employers base on the length of service, seniority or employee’s tenure with the company. The amount of annual longevity-pay is frequently a percentage of the employee’s annual rate of pay on the employee’s anniversary date. (â€Å"uslegal. com. † 2002) This type of payment is typically given to employees to recognize and reward the length of their tenures. These payments can also be given when employees reach significant employment anniversaries. These longevity payments differ from merit based pay in that a longevity-payment is based only on length of service, while a merit based payment is designed to recognize superior job performance and production. These are implemented by companies to help retain and attract top talent. Human Resource Mangers think of this as a way to reward loyalty and to inspire potential employees to understand that the company places value on employee experience and loyalty. (Willsey, 2002) Analysis: From an employee’s point of view, longevity pay means that the company you work for values your time and effort you put into your job. The point of having these longevity-payments and rewards is to retain our top and loyal performers. Rewarding our employees for their time served would be a substantial reason for employees to continue their career with this company. Recommendations Based on the above research and information on 3 different types of compensation, this is my recommendation for our company. Recommendation One: Develop and enforce a performance based bay system to otivate and inspire our employees to produce to the best of their abilities. Conclusion In conclusion, after thorough research and examination of compensation systems I recommend a performance based pay system for our company. This type of pay system will instill a clear understanding in the employees of our company’s purpose. By connecting their compensation with their performance on the job will inspire them to be more thorough, efficient. And they will learn to be more productive employees, which in turn will be more profitable for our company. With employees that are driven by quality production this company should only expect growth and success. We can increase productivity and remain competitive with other companies in our market by developing this type of compensation system. 1 References Abernathy, William B. , Ph. D. (2004). debwagner. info. Retrieved from http://debwagner. info/hpttoolkit/pfp_hpt. htm Department of workforce development. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://dwd. wisconsin. gov/er/labor_standards_bureau/publication_erd_13109_p. htm Dorf, Paul R. (2011). Would performance-based compensation improve your workforce?. Retrieved from http://www. compensationresources. com/press-room/would-performance-based-compensation-improve-your-workforce-. php Grace, Natalie. (2012). Ehow. com. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_5367027_rules-paying-salary. html Heathfield , S. H. (2009, March 26). About. com. Retrieved from http://humanresources. about. com/od/glossarys/g/salary. htm Martinovic, S. (2012, Feb 20). Pay for performance compensation plans. Retrieved from http://www. gaebler. om/Pay-for-Performance-Compensation-Plans. htm Pinto, J. (2003). Performance-based compensation. Retrieved from http://www. jimpinto. com/writings/compensation. html Richter, Gena. (2002). Retrieved from http://user. txcyber. com/~gena/HRPage/articles/062099. shtml uslegal. com. (2002). Retrieved from http://definitions. uslegal. com/l/longevity-pay/ Willsey, Marie. â€Å"What is a longevity raise? † 14 July 2010. HowStuffWorks. com. 24 February 2012 . wisegeek. com. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-longevity-pay. htm How to cite Rwt1 Research Paper, Essays

English Language Education Policies and Planning in Malaysia

Question: Discuss about the case study of English Language Education for Policies and Planning in Malaysia. Answer: Introduction: As mentioned above in the study, that English is considered as the second language in the country Malaysia; since it has been found that there exists a deficiency level in the proficiency of the student. It is assumed to be evident from the above study that the attitude and behavior of every Malaysian student towards learning English has been declined in most schools. Though, it is considered as one of the most inspiring opportunities for career growth, the performance level is constantly decreasing at an alarming rate (Hashim Leitner, 2016). There is a need of emergence to introduce English as the main subject in Primary schools also; so that the demand of such languages may inherit the level of education in maximum Malaysian schools sector. The entire assignment prefaces with the learning attitudes and behaviors of Malaysian students towards learning English as the main subject (Van der Walt, 2013). The upcoming future environment of maximum Malaysian schools is improving its atmo sphere; to make a perfect enlargement to learn English as the core subject. There is an essential to develop English in the primary sector of schools so that the base of students must be expanding with greater flexibility. All around the word, English is considered as one of the most important language as a means of instruction and communication to choose varieties of career opportunities. Being a second language in most of the Malaysian schools, it has led most of the students facing difficulties in achieving higher potential growth in understanding the use of languages. References Hashim, A., Leitner, G. (2016). 3 English in language education policies and planning in Malaysia. Languages in the Malaysian Education System: Monolingual Strands in Multilingual Settings, 46. Van der Walt, C. (2013). Multilingual higher education: Beyond English medium orientations (Vol. 91). Multilingual Matters.