Utilitarianism In Contemporary Ethics Essay Example for Free

Utilitarianism In Contemporary Ethics Essay 1. Express the Principle of Utility as detailed by Bentham and Mill and apply it to a specific activity (e. g. , misleading) outline how it works. (3 focuses. ) 2. Clarify the di%erence between â€Å"act utilitarianism† and â€Å"rule utilitarianism. † (2 focuses. ) 3. Distinguish three di%erent utilitarian scholars and clarify how their forms of utilitarianism di%er from each other. (3 focuses. ) 4. Distinguish one quality and one shortcoming of the utilitarian view. (2 focuses. ) 1. THE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY DEFINES AN ACT OR RULE THAT IS IN THE RIGHT, WILL CREATE THE GREATEST GOOD OR HAPPINESS FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF PEOPLE. FOR EXAMPLE, IF A FRIEND LIES TO A GROUP OF HIS/HER FRIENDS, THAT GROUP OF FRIENDS COULD QUITE POSSIBLY FIND OUT ABOUT THIS LIE THAT COULD CAUSE A NEGATIVE EFFECT FOR THE FRIENDS. In this manner, NO GOOD OR HAPPINESS WAS CREATED FROM AN ACTION THAT WAS NOT GOOD FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF PEOPLE. On the other hand, THE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY WOULD CONDONE AND APPROVE A LIE IF IT RESULTED IN GREATER HAPPINESS (E. G. , LYING ABOUT AN EXTRAMARITAL AFFAIR TO PROTECT A PERSON’S REPUTATION OR TO AVOID CAUSING NEEDLESS DISTRESS TO FRIENDS AND FAMILY). 2. RULE UTILITARIANISM MEASURES THE AMOUNT OF GOOD THAT AN INDIVIDUAL ACTION DOES ACCORDING TO A RULE OR LAW. ACT UTILITARIANISM DOES NOT JUDGE AN ACTION IN TERMS OF RULES OR LAWS BUT WHETHER OR NOT THE ACTION BENEFITS THE MOST PEOPLE. 3. Inclination UTILITARIANISM FIRST PUT FORWARD BY JOHN HARSANYI (1977) PRACTICES THAT THE ULTIMATE CRITERION FOR DECIDING WHAT IS GOOD OR BAD FOR AN INDIVIDUAL IS JUDGED BY THE INDIVIDUAL’S OWN DESIRES AND PREFERENCES. NEGATIVE UTILITARIANISM BROUGHT ON BY R. N. Shrewd, INSTEAD OF JUDGING WHAT IS BEST FOR THE GREATEST GOOD THE PHILOSOPHY IS TO JUDGE BY WHAT CAUSES THE LEAST AMOUNT OF PAIN FOR THE MOST AMOUNT OF PEOPLE WHEN PRESENTED WITH A SITUATION THAT WOULD ENTAIL SUFFERING. NEGATIVE UTILITARIANISM WAS PROPOSED BY KARL POPPER. Brilliant OPPOSED IT. ACT UTILITARIANISM BROUGHT ON BY WILLIAM PALEY, DETERMINES IF AN ACTION IS RIGHT IF IT FOLLOWS A RULE THAT WILL MAXIMIZE UTILITY. PALEY WAS AN EARLY PROPONENT OF UTILITARIANISM WHO COMBINED UTILITARIAN ETHICS WITH CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS. 4. ONE STRENGTH OF An UTILITARIAN VIEW IS THAT IT AIMS TO HELP SOCIETY EXIST IN A WAY THAT WOULD BENEFIT THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF INDIVIDUALS IN THAT SOCIETY. ONE WEAKNESS OF UTILITARIAN VIEW IS THAT IT DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT WHO DOES THE ACTION, SO LONG AS THE CONSEQUENCES OCCUR. Why would that be A WEAKNESS? THE MAIN WEAKNESS OF THE THEORY IS THAT IT CONTRADICTS OUR COMMON-SENSE ETHICAL VIEW THAT MOTIVES AND INTENTIONS MATTER AND THAT SOME ACTIONS SEEM WRONG REGARDLESS OF THEIR OUTCOME. 8. 5 POINTS.

Evaluation of Montenero Governance and Economic Reforms on the Way to Essay

Assessment of Montenero Governance and Economic Reforms while in transit to EU Membership - Essay Example This exposition presents a far reaching examination of current political and financial improvements in Montenegro, which is seeking after its further binds with the EU. Montenegro’s finish of its Stabilization and Association Agreement (SAA) arrangement with the European Commission will make ready for inevitable mix with he European Common market . The small country of only 620,000 has done as such in front of Serbia whose European desire have been slowed down with its refusal to help out the International Criminal Tribunal for the previous Yugoslavia. Montenegro looks ready to follow Croatia and Macedonia in effectively arranging promotion exchanges. More prominent political dependability was accomplished with the majority rule decisions held in September in the year 2006 after the thin success in the choice in May, with only 55.5% of voters giving a go signal for freedom. Djukanovic, with his gathering in power has significantly more noteworthy influence to seek after administration changes in accordance with just standards as one of the principle requirements into entering the European Union. Held in a charge and reasonable way and in accordance with global norms, the parliamentary decisions put Montenegro was seen well by the worldwide network in its ability to address political changes and actualize them. As far as enactment, Montenegro has reinforced its enemy of debasement drive. Key enactments for improved open acquisition and irreconcilable situation enactment are set to be passed and the Law on Free Access to Information was agreed upon (standard 10). Likewise just because as a sign towards more noteworthy Montenegro responsibility, 1,692 open authorities submitted writes about their pay and property (par10). Djukanovic in a meeting distributed in the New York Times said that his administration figured out how to pass 140 laws and a lot more guidelines in his past term as Prime Minister, with center around changes on the economy, training and organization. As to reactions that usage has been moderate, he said that the impacts of this change employment will be seen simply following 5 years To additionally solidify its legitimate popularity based system, Montenegro needs to make a

Breast Cancer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bosom Cancer - Research Paper Example The creator takes note of that in any event, when comparable techniques are applied, the utilization of disparate systems for looking at careful material may prompt various results for a similar patient. The data put together by the essayist takes note of that in instances of deciding histological corrective impacts in regular clinical practice, specialists need to show the strategies applied in their assessment models. The creator takes note of that histological techniques for deciding remedial responses and systems for appraisal of careful materials ensuing to neoadjuvant treatment must be orchestrated sooner rather than later. The creator takes note of that malignant growth anticipation includes all the activities taken for the motivations behind bringing down the probability of securing bosom disease. Through anticipation, the creator takes note of that mortalities brought about by malignant growth are in the long run limited. The creator clarifies the hazard components and the defensive components that are related with bosom disease. He takes note of that forestalling bosom malignancy starts with embracing a good dieting propensity. He takes note of that few investigations uncover that way of life modifications have been recorded to lessen dangers of getting bosom malignant growth even in the ladies thought about high hazard. He contends that various advances related with keeping the body dynamic and solid have diminished the dangers of obtaining disease. The creator takes note of that bosom malignant growth is the chief causing component of disease related mortalities in ladies underneath the age of 40 years particularly in the nations with the most elevated per-capita pay on the planet. The essayist furthermore reports that despite the fact that seen to improve slowly, the paces of endurance for these ladies are a lot of lower when contrasted with ladies who are more seasoned. Moreover, he reports that the young ladies are inclined to growing progressively forceful strains of the harmful cells.â

Rates of Reaction - Magnesium and HCL :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Pace of response of Magnesium and HCL So as to locate a decent arrangement of results for this examination I have to choose what molars I am going to utilize, and furthermore how I will make them. When I have discovered which molars I might want to utilize I will give proof of why I have picked them, I will likewise choose which factors are essential to considerm e.g The Values of Mg, Volume of corrosive. I additionally need to consider how I am going to quantify the speed of the response so as to get a table of dependable outcomes. Plan  · Equipment required for test:  · Bowl  · Hcl  · 2 Measuring chambers (1 major/1 little)  · Mg strips  · Flask  · Beaker  · Tube  · Stop clock  · Goggles  · Beehive shell Stage One The entirety of the above hardware must be assembled. Stage Two The Beehive shell sould be set in the middle inside the bowl, at that point the bowl is to be topped off with water until the bee sanctuary shell is covered.Then the large estimating chamber is to be filled to the top with water and afterward flipped around onto the colony shell. Stage Three The cylinder ought to be set legitimately over the gap in the apiary shell, where the tube(which experiences the gap in the apiary shell and is associated with the flagon) is put into the chamber. Stage Four At that point the flagon should be loaded up with 20 cm3 Hcl corrosive, the corrosive is estimated in an estimating cylinder and afterward poured in, when the cup is filled the magnesium strip is to be put inside. So as to get the Magnesium strip as precise as conceivable it is to be estimated with a ruler to the size in which wanted. Stage 5 When the magnesium strip contacts the corrosive it begins to respond, so the plastic fitting ought to be put on to the cup immediately, at that point start the stopclock and record the measure of gas at regular intervals. One individual should peruse the outcomes at eye level to the cylinder, so they can get an exact perusing, and someone else should note down the occasions though one watches out for the time. Things that will impact the pace of response  · Concentration of Hcl  · Surface region of Magnesium  · Temperature of response  · Catalyst  · Length of Magnesium  · Volume of Hcl The focus can be expanded or diminished to impact the pace of response. The higher the fixation, the more particles, in this manner a higher pace of response. The surface region of magnesium can impact the pace of response. The bigger the surface region, the quicker the response will be as the

Individual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Individual - Essay Example There are a few issues related with the discourse. Thus, investigation of the operator, office, and generally motivation behind the demonstration shows qualities and shortcoming and qualities of discourse and covers all the issues in discourse introduction. The operator Hillary Clinton at the hour of the introduction was the principal woman, the spouse of serving leader of America. The investigation of her character shows that she was candid, and in the discourse she introduced her convictions and issues that she needed tended to (Keyton). By utilization of facial appearance and voice sound, she had the option to affect the crowd emphatically. She concentrated on zones that required change and that could be routed to accomplish ladies opportunity by enrolling the difficulties looked by ladies in changed nations. Be that as it may, in the discourse she demonstrated just the difficulties looked by ladies and not the accomplishment previously acquired all the while. Through constraining inclusion of the victories accomplished, she made a false notion that ladies are completely abused. This thought isn't correct on the grounds that ladies have made progress in certain issues. For example, the ladies freedom development of 1900 had the option to guarantee that ladies acquire the option to cast a ballot and own property. Thusly, in spite of the current persecution of ladies, the opportunity to cast a ballot and own property was accomplished. At that point, the deception of speculation displayed in the discourse makes an off-base image of the entire circumstance (Kampf 112). The introduction of the contentions followed a predefined plot, which incorporates the production of mindfulness by representing the present circumstance and building up the goals and dreams all the while. The counter contentions were not introduced completely yet featured as, incidentally, issues instead of issues to be considered. The improvement of then issue was brief by following an emotive arrangement which was viable in light of the fact that it caught the consideration of the crowd. The attention on the issues guaranteed that the crowd was with the introduced on

Financial Planning Now, Not Later COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Financial Planning Now, Not Later COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I know what you are thinking . . . the January 5th admission deadline has passed, now I can kick my feet up and wait for my admission decision in March.   While this might be one possible option, it is not the option I recommend. It is no secret, attending graduate school can be expensive.   The time to look into financing your education is not after you get an offer of admission, it is now.   It is a terrible feeling to get an offer of admission and only then realize you might not be able to attend due to financing. My advice is that if you have not started already, that you set aside time each week to research issues related to the cost of graduate school and the payment options available. There are many kinds of aid available including: Institutional funding provided by SIPA External Scholarships (i.e. Fulbright, Pickering) Federal Loans (for U.S. citizens and permanent residents) Private Loans Work Study Grants Sponsorship funds from agencies/organizations Most SIPA students utilize a combination of resources to make attending possible.   Each year students bring in several million dollars of funding that does not need to be repaid by researching and applying for funding.   My feeling has always been that applicants should spend twice the amount of time researching financial aid as is spent on the process of applying for admission.   I covered this topic in a past post entitled The Rule of Two. I highly encourage you to review the entry but the analogy used is one that you might have heard before from a teacher.   It is not uncommon to hear a teacher say that for every hour spent in the classroom, at a minimum a successful student will spend two hours outside of the classroom. My feeling about admission and financial aid is the same. At a minimum, one should spend twice as much time researching financial aid options as researching admission to a program.   While SIPA does allocate around $6 million each year on fellowships for students, a limited number of first year students receive funding (around 10-15%). With this in mind, it will benefit you to research costs and other sources of funding so that if admitted you have a plan.   Not having a plan and not having done research is a strategy that most often leads to frustration.   Here are some tips to get you started: •  Check out SIPA’s own fellowship database. We search for scholarships for you and post them to the database.   The database is not SIPA specific.   As we search for and hear about funding, we make the information available to you. •  Use RSS  technology to deliver news to your email account or RSS Reader.   RSS allows for news to be delivered to you without having to go look for it every day.   As an example, Gmail accounts have something called the “Alert” tool and I am sure other providers have the same capability.   All you have to do is put in text for searches and a search engine will perform the searches daily  and deliver news to your email account.   You can type in search terms like “Graduate School Scholarships” or “International Affairs Scholarships.”   You can also utilize an RSS reader.   RSS readers are free and if you do not know what an RSS reader is, click here for a YouTube tutorial. •  Talk to people you know who have gone to graduate school and find out if they were able to find scholarship opportunities. •  Contact people that have written you a letter of recommendation and have them make multiple copies of the recommendation letter and give them to you in sealed envelops so you are ready if a scholarship opportunity arises and there is a tight deadline. • Start to familiarize yourself with the cost of living in New York City.   SIPA is only able to provide housing for approximately 30% of our students and most students must find housing the city.   A great resource to get started is Craigslist.   I recommend signing up for an email feed for NYC apartments.   Following rental trends will help familiarize you with costs around the city. • Familiarize yourself with the payment and billing options available to SIPA students.   You can get started by visiting the Columbia University Student Financial Services home page. I will not say the process of searching for funding and familiarizing yourself with costs is easy and it can take a considerable amount of effort.   However, the sooner you start to look the more doors you will possibly open figuratively and literally.

Dracula vs Twilight - Free Essay Example

In the late 1970s a new killer was born, and his name was Dracula. Between his smooth interactions with the ladies and his large home this is one killer who knows how to bring his food to him. He made sure everyone remembers his name but never what happened that night when his victim and him was alone. Twenty-nine years later the kid version of this number one horror Dracula came along Twilight about a group of vampires that tries to blend in with the rest of the world, but love took over and now they will have to choose between love and family. Although, the movies are different theyre both somewhat alike for an example both novels have the element of love and preserving it. In Dracula he is able to take different forms, and can also walk on walls. And while characters in Twilight have special abilities, they dont have this one. While in contrast Dracula doesnt have the special abilities that they have. Both have superhuman characteristics being the first being superhuman strength. Also the vampires in twilight appear young for the rest of the their life, while in Dracula it does not specify (but Im assuming not). While in contrast Dracula doesnt have the special abilities that they have. In Dracula, Jonathan goes after Mina to try and save her in the name of love. While in Twilight Edward ruthlessly tries to protect Bella in the name of love as well. Overall completing Gothic literature in having a female heroine. seen in blood lust in both books, as well as both having the element of the obsession of love. Also, these two do share the same characteristics such as both characters (vampires) have pale skin, as well as it being described as cold as ice wh en touched, both obviously suck blood, but the vampires in Twilight have more self-control some choosing to only drink the blood of animals. Both are uncomfortable in sunlight, but for different reasons. Lure Dracula lures his victims as he is essentially evil. And while there are vampires like this in Twilight, many dont want to get into relationships in fear of hurting humans. Continuing in Dracula vampires are inherently evil, and there is no in between, they symbolize everything outside of the Victorian lifestyle. While in Twilight there are again both and good vampires. There are also different things to look at in these movies far as the setting for an example In Twilight vampires are not allowed to go into daylight without exposing themselves for what they are. While in Dracula, vampires can go into the sun, but their powers are limited. In Twilight vampires are much more glamorous, they are described as perfect and flawless in their entire physical appearance. While Dracula was not as attractive with sharp fingernails, hairy, and overall just made people feel uncomfortable. Also, in Dracula there is a historical Victorian setting and is much more relevant to Gothic Literature than Twilight is. While in Twilight it is current, and in pop culture, especially shown in its audience which is mainly teenagers. Evil- Dracula and all vampires within the novel are evil baby blood sucking monsters. While in Twilight there is two different perceptions about them. During Draculas time the Victorian era was in full flight, and the novel definitely does not glamorize people who went against this lifestyle. While in Twilight they do glamorize vampires, as some trying to protect humans, and looking flawless while doing it. One could see this in Dracula, as Mina is saved, because she is the good Victorian role model and takes care of her husband. While her friend does not, representing what happens to the bad Victorian image.